ALL PUBLICATIONS OF INTAL
Ascencio, Luis;Atkinson, John;Barral, Welber;Beliz, Gustavo;Caridad y Ocerín, José;Chelala, Santiago;Chesñevar, Carlos;Corvalán, Juan;Diamond, Peter;Donaldson, Dave;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Estevez, Elsa;García Moreno, María;Gillam, Michael;González Ramírez, Rosa;Herrera, Marcos;Heymann, Daniel;Korinek, Anton;Lakhani, Karim;Lannquist, Yolanda;Lavista, Juan;Lin, Michael;Liu, Geoffrey;Miailhe, Nicolas;Mira, Pablo;Mulgan, Geoff;Núñez Tabales, Julia;Ovanessoff, Armen;Petrus, Gabriel;Plastino, Eduardo;Pounder, Kate;Rao, Anand;Reif, Rafael;Schapira, Débora;Serur, Juan;Siri, Julián;Tinn, Phil;Vashistha, Ankita;Vashistha, Avinash
Whether we know it or not, we are all living on a new planet: Planet Algorithm. This is a cyberphysical space in which billions of pieces of data are transported at hyperspeed and are analyzed by increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) systems. These use algorithms to generate learning and self-learning processes that are making an ...
Ahumada, Jose Miguel;Banerjee, Chandrajit;Bartesaghi, Ignacio;Beliz, Gustavo;Bery, Suman;Bhojwani, Deepak;Caro Vargas, Soraya;Celaya, Dario;Cesarin, Sergio M.;Chakrabarti, Rajesh;Das, Ram Upendra;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Garg, Ankita;Giri, Tuhinsubhra;Imai, Katsushi;Juma, Jill Atieno;Kahn, Theodore;Mangla, Sanjay Kumar;Mavroeidi, Vasiliki;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Moreno Mejía, Luis Alberto;Perez-Restrepo, Camilo;Ramaswamy, Dave;Ramirez Bonilla, Juan Jose;Rasquinha, David;Rebolledo, Andrés;Seshasayee, Hari;Singh, Harsha Vardhana;Turzi, Mariano;Vasquez, Edgar;Viswanathan, Rengaraj;Wignaraja, Ganeshan
More than thirty experts from India and Latin America imagine the future of cooperation between the two regions. They point to South-South integration as the inevitable path to export diversification and a key factor in achieving balance in global governance. The issues analyzed in this report include the opportunities that come with industry 4.0, ...
Basco, Ana Inés
As part of a Regional Public Good (BPR), 20,200 Latin Americans from 18 countries were interviewed on issues of integration, democracy, equity, environment, technology, and innovation. In a world where globalization is being strongly questioned, particularly among developed countries, it is concluded that Latin Americans are very committed to regio...
Integration and Trade Capacity Building Program
Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe (INTAL);Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The IDB has developed a capacity building program as an instrument for the implementation of the 'Integration Strategy' as well as to support operations in terms of trade negotiation and trade agreement implementation, trade security and facilitation, customs innovation, export promotion and investment attraction, physical integration including int...
Aboal, Diego;Aumann, Robert;Barro, Senén;Beliz, Gustavo;Blum, Manuel;Bughin, Jacques;Cabrol, Marcelo;Cadena, Andrés;Calvo, Cristina;Chelala, Santiago;Coremberg, Ariel;De Vries, Gaaitzen;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Frey, Carl;Gemma, Joe;Guo, Mingming;Huo, Jianwen;Ivanschitz, Robert;Jun, Tang;Korn, Daniel;Krueger, Alan;Lund, Susan;Manyika, James;Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada;Nofal, Beatriz;Nübler, Irmgard;Pacini, Bianca;Pagés, Carmen;Rhisiart, Martin;Ripani, Laura;Rodrik, Dani;Romero, Noelia;Salazar-Xirinachs, José Manuel;Sartorio, Luca;Sosa Escudero, Walter;Sundararajan, Arun;Susskind, Daniel;Van Reenen, John;Wu, Jinyu;Yin, Shuxi;Zamponi, Alejandro;Zhang, Guanzhi;Zhang, Hua;Zunino, Gonzalo
This new edition contains the work of over 40 experts from different parts of the world, who analyze the risks that automation may pose to work and how this may affect integration and employment. More than 40 global experts imagine the future of work and integration of Latin America in the new edition of INTAL-IDB's Integration and Trade magazine.
INTAL Connection: No 252: August, 2017
Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL);Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the presentation of the report “Robotlution. The Future of Work in Latin American Integration 4.0.”, where 40 international experts address the automation of jobs and its impact on the productive matrix on the region.
INTAL Connection: No 251: Julio, 2017
Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL);Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the seminar “MERCOSUR–Pacific Alliance: A Positive Agenda for Integration”, held as part of the Summit of the MERCOSUR and Associated States in Mendoza, Argentina. During the seminar, authorities, representatives from the priv...
INTAL Connection: No 250: June, 2017
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the update of COSIPLAN website “Integration and Development Hubs”, where you can easily access the 581 infrastructure projects that make up the project Portfolio.
INTAL Connection: No 249: May, 2017
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the seminar “Artificial meat: innovation in the era of production 4.0”, where Argentinean government officials and international experts provided a global perspective on the development of this alternative, technology-based me...
Alpízar, Francisco;Barbero, José A.;Beliz, Gustavo;Caffera, Marcelo;Calvo, Cristina;Campos, Sergio;Cienfuegos, Rodrigo;Conte Grand, Mariana;Corderi, David;Edenhofer, Ottmar;Espinosa, Patricia;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Fernández, Víctor;Figueres, Christiana;González, Arancha;Kolstad, Charles;Letouzé, Emmanuel;Madrigal, Róger;Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada;Maskin, Eric;Michaelowa, Axel;Rabassa, Mariano;Ricard, Julie;Sánchez Sorondo, Marcelo;Sangokoya, David;Schultes, Anselm;Stern, Nicholas;Sterner, Thomas;Sugathan, Mahesh;Terraza, Horacio;Valdés, Alberto;Yépez-García, Ariel;Zamagni, Stefano
Inspired by the encyclical Laudato Si', by Pope Francis, Nobel prizes and world experts pose concrete options for advancing in a regional eco-integration where social and environmental dimension of development are priorities. The commitments made to mitigate climate change at the Paris and Marrakesh summits require the cooperation of different nati...
INTAL Connection: No 248: April, 2017
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the symposium and presentation of the book “Eco integration in Latin America: ideas inspired by the encyclical Laudato Si'", where Nobel prizes and world experts pose concrete options for advancing in a regional eco-integratio...
INTAL Connection: No 247: April, 2017
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean. This issue focuses on the symposium and presentation of the publication of “MERCOSUR Futures: New directions in regional integration”, that includes precise diagnostics of the current situation within the bloc and puts forward creative ideas for mo...
INTAL Connection: No 244: December, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean.
INTAL Connection: No 243: November, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 242: October, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on developments on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Beliz, Gustavo;Chelala, Santiago
This report is the outcome of an Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) regional public good (RPG) that different Latin American and Caribbean countries helped to create by identifying the information they needed to perfect the decision-making process on matters of trade and integration. The mechanism that the IDB foresaw is a three-way process,...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 240: August, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 239: July, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 238: June, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
Integration & Trade Journal: No. 40: June, 2016
Aróstica, Pamela;Baumann, Renato;Beliz, Gustavo;Bianchi, Eduardo;Campos, Rosario;Ellis, Evan;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Ferreyros, Eduardo;Gallagher, Kevin;Gayá, Romina;Gereffi, Gary;Guevara, Miguel;Guillamon, Bernardo E.;Hartmann, Dominik;Hidalgo, César;Jara-Figueroa, Cristina;Jenkins, Rhys;Koch-Weser, Iacob;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Moneta, Carlos;Myers, Margaret;Phelps, Edmund;Piñeiro, Martín;Qianru, Song;Rebolledo, Andrés;Ruiz, Marco Vinicio;Sheng, Andrew;Simoes, Alex;Soares, Andre;Tang, Jun;Wagner, Rodrigo;Warner, Eric;Yang, Wanming
How to build a convergence within the diversity of integrationist experiences? How can global efforts converge with regional and national realities through a glocal (global + local) governance that supports a productive integration and generates sustainable jobs? In this context of new challenges, Latin America must face the transformation of the C...
INTAL Connection: No 236: April, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 235: March, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 234: February, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 233: January, 2016
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 232: December, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 231: November, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Connection: No 230: October, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
INTAL Connection informs on integration and trade in Latin America and the Caribbean and disseminate IADB activities on this topics.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 229: September, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter No 228: August, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 227: July, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 226: June, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 225: May, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter N° 224 - April 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 223: March, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 222: February, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 221: January, 2015
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 220: December, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 219: November, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 218: October, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 217: September, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 216: August, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 18: No. 38: January-June, 2014
Arciniegas Serna, Hernando;Blyde, Juan S.;Camacho Inostroza, Oscar;Campos, Rosario;Casas Gragea, Angel María;Corrales, Salvador;Gómez Minujín, Gala;Jara M., Miguel Angel;Mansilla, Patricio;Márquez Fariña, Manuel;Meza Monge, Nilo;Montenegro, Gisela;Ocampo, Fernando;Pozo, Andrés;Solar, Rodolfo;Volpe Martincus, Christian
The Inter-American Development Bank, in the context of its integration mandate in the region, has been working and supporting development actions in border areas and transboundary cooperation and integration by the creation of binational and regional agreements. This issue of the Integration & Trade Journal seeks to reflect various experiences in t...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 215: July, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 214: June, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 213: May, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No 212: April, 2014
Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter N° 211 - March 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter No. 210 - February 2014
Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 209: January, 2014
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 17: No. 37: July-December, 2013
Achar Samra, Elena;Avendaño, Rolando;Bekerman, Marta;Campos, Rosario;Cereseto, Fabiana;Comandari, Carlos Honorato;Coyoy Echeverría, Erick;Daude, Christian;Díaz, Guillermo;Edwards, Diane;Gamboa Soto, Francisco;Giobergia, Cecilia;González Izquierdo, María del Coriseo;González, Andrea;Hallak, Juan Carlos;Hartleb, Karl;Inchauspe, Álvaro;Leiva Bonilla, Juan Carlos;Lyu, Jaewon;Meléndez Arjona, Marcela;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Moncaut, Nicolás;Perea, José Ramón;Suominen, Kati;Tarradellas i Espuny, Joan;Torres Paz, Luis;Volpe Martincus, Christian;Wiñazky, Marcelo
In spite of the fact that they make up more than 90% of firms and account for a substantial portion of employment in these countries, rather little is known about the role of small- and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) trade. In particular, there are a series of pending yet pivotal questions, such as: To what ex...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 208: December, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 207: November, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 206: October, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 205: September, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 204: August, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 203: July, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 17: No. 36: January-June, 2013
Abdenur, Adriana Erthal;Balbis Pérez, Jorge;Bessudo Lion, Sandra;Blundell, Matthew;Carrillo, Susana;Daccarett, Jorge;Dequech Neto, Napoleão;Garranzo, Rafael;Giacalone, Rita;Grynspan M., Rebeca;Heidrich, Pablo;Killen, Brenda;Kindornay, Shannon;Kwak, Jae Sung;Oliveira, Cassia;Rivero Illa, Martín;Sandler, Todd;Santos, Luan;Santos, Thauan;Shearer, Matthew;Tres, Joaquim;Valle Pereña, Juan Manuel;Watanabe, Masato;Xalma, Cristina
This issue addresses the South-South cooperation topic and argues that, rather than being much ado about nothing, it is actually tangible and about more than meets the eye, reflecting new avenues of delivery, innovative ways of thinking, and ongoing economic realignment. It features contributions about: The role of institutions in the provision of ...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 202: June, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 201: May, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 200: April, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 198: February, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 197: January, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 199: March, 2013
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 16 : No. 35 : July-December, 2012
Arellano, José Pablo;Bianchi, Eduardo;Cavalcanti, Carlos Eduardo G.;Dos Santos, Enestor;Gómez Minujín, Gala;Hamanaka, Shintaro;Katz, Sebastián;Meloni Nassar, André;Messere, Vanina;Perrone, Nicolás Marcelo;Piñeiro, Martín;Rozenwurcel, Guillermo;Ruta, Michele;Santa Gadea, Rosario;Tafgar, Aiken;Venables, Anthony J.;Zignago, Soledad
The last decade has seen a significant increase in the exports of several Latin American and Caribbean countries to destinations within and beyond the region. The increase in trade links has not, however, been accompanied by a proportional increase in reciprocal investments among the trading partners. This precludes making the most of clear advanta...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 196: December, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 195: November, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB's activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 194: October, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 193: September, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 192: August, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Annual Activity Report 2011
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This report provides an overview of the activities and findings of the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL) in 2011. INTAL¿s activities meet the growing demand for capacity building in regional and multilateral integration and cooperation by governments as well as by the private sector, civil society, labor and a...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 191: July, 2012
INTAL Spanish
The INTAL Monthly Newsletter reports on developments in integration and trade across Latin American and the Caribbean. It also serves as a forum for discussing the IDB¿s activities related to these issues through news items, technical cooperation, and a wide array of projects and studies.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 190: June 2012
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Presenta información sobre CARICOM: Lineamientos para una reforma de su Secretaría, Bloques de Integración, CARICOM y México acuerdan favorecer expansión de comercio e inversiones, iocombustibles, salud e infraestructura en la mira del apoyo del BID al Proyecto Mesoamérica y actividades dek BID.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 16 : No. 34 : January-June, 2012
Berrettoni, Daniel;Brandi, Juan Pedro;Carciofi, Ricardo;Giordano, Paolo;Gómez Minujín, Gala;Infante, Irasema;Lucángeli, Jorge;Meza Monge, Nilo;Muniz Costa, Sérgio Paulo
This issue of the Journal is devoted to physical integration in Latin America. The Editorial Committee set about designing the contents, with a call for papers, which suggested topics and questions that focused on the subject while covering a broad spectrum. Regional physical integration is supported by a wide range of instruments; such as infras...
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 189: May 2012
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This document is about CARICOM, SIECA stresses Central American trade dynamism, SIECA, launches Regional Quality Infrastructure and SPS Systems in Central, Andean Community Progress in Andean countries¿ regional agreements.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 188: April, 2012
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This document is about Integration Blocs, Active trade policies in MERCOSUR countries in response to international slowdown, 6th Summit of the Americas, 4th Summit of BRICS leaders and IDB-INTAL activities.
MERCOSUR Report No. 16 (2010-2011) (Summary)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
MERCOSUR Report No. 16 - July 2010-June 2011 - analyzes the macroeconomic outlook and trade flows of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) countries, as well as the main aspects of the block's integration process, in terms both of its internal and external agendas.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 187: March 2012
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This document is about Commitment to the Central America Security Strategy, First negotiating round between the EFTA and Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama and others IDB-INTAL Activities.
INTAL Monthly Newsletter: No. 185: January 2012
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This document is about The SICA Summit and the pillars of Central American integration, Growth of Central American integration payment systems, IDB-INTAL Activities, IDB promotes trade security and facilitation and others IDB activities.
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 15 : No. 32 : January-June, 2011
Becker, Sascha O.;Blyde, Juan S.;Carciofi, Ricardo;Castillo Argañarás, Luis Fernando;Chen, Lurong;De Lombaerde, Philippe;Ekholm, Karolina;Flores, Manuel;Herrero, Daniel;López, Andrés;Martínez Álvarez, Javier;Niembro, Andrés;Ramos, Daniela;Sequeira Picado, Jorge E.;Supervielle, María M.;Vaillant, Marcel;Volpe Martincus, Christian
This journal contains a collection of articles on integration and trade in Latin American and the Caribbean. The topics addressed are as follows: international fragmentation of production and its effects on the labor market, regional production sharing networks in Latin America and East Asia, global value chains in regards to the export and service...
MERCOSUR Report No. 15 (2009-2010)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This report reviews and analyzes key aspects of the bloc's integration process in relation to both the internal and external agendas in the period from July 2009 to June 2010. The opening two chapters respectively analyze the macroeconomic outlook of the economies of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) and their trade flows. The MERCOSUR countrie...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 14 : No. 31 : July-December, 2010
Barbero, José A.;Barrantes Hidalgo, Álvaro;Blyde, Juan S.;Combes, Pierre-Philippe;de la Mora, Luz María;Feistel, Paulo R.;Ferreira, Edeon Vaz;Granato, María F.;Guardianelli, Oscar;Jiménez Piernas, Carlos;Juárez, Gerardo;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Moncarz, Pedro E.;Pineda Hoyos, Saúl;Sánchez Reaza, Javier;Sizeland, Faye;Sotelsek, Daniel;Thorpe, Andy;Verdes-Montenegro Escánez, Francisco J.
The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. The aim is to address the topics included herein from a remarkably conceptual viewpoint, adding information to the knowledg...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 14 : No. 30 : January-June, 2010
Aldonas, Grant;Biswas, Trineesh;Dubeux, Carolina Burle Schmidt;Fuller, Carlos;Guadagni, Alieto Aldo;Hufbauer, Gary Clyde;Jegou, Ingrid;Kim, Jisun;Leslie, Kenrick;Mélendez-Ortiz, Ricardo;Molina, Mario;Rios, Sandra Polónia;Rodríguez Quiros, Jorge;Veiga, Pedro da Motta
The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue addresses the topic of climate change, and more specifically, its links with economic development and internatio...
MERCOSUR Report No. 14 (2008-2009)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The period covered by MERCOSUR Report 14 (July 2008-June 2009) was marked by the international crisis. The inflationary phase of the crisis (August 2007-June 2008) fuelled certain expansionary trends in MERCOSUR countries. Once this phase had run its course, MERCOSUR¿s performance began to feel the negative effects of the world economy. As of the f...
Balboa, Jenny;Medalla, Erlinda
This paper explores the potential for regional cooperation between Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia Pacific. The first section provides an overview of regionalism and how it evolved as a strategy to manage regional externalities. The second section provides a background on Asian regionalism and the factors for its success. The third sectio...
Trade Logistics and Physical Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean
Guerrero, Pablo
This presentation discusses issues regarding the need to enhance connectivity to deepen regional integration, with particular attention to trade logistics. Topics explored include LAC's logistics performance and challenges; a review of recent indicators; progress achieved and the challenges ahead in LAC's physical integration, considering the IIRSA...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 13 : No. 29 : January-June, 2009
Aldonas, Grant;Bouzas, Roberto;Evenett, Simon J.;Fernández de Soto, Guillermo;Gonçalves, José Botafogo;Kawai, Masahiro;Knaack, Peter;Moreno Mejía, Luis Alberto;Peña, Félix;Pérez del Castillo, Carlos;Wignaraja, Ganeshan
This issue is an editorial re-launch of the IDB's Integration & Trade Journal. This new stage in the Journal's development coincides with the 50th anniversary of the Bank. The introduction as written by IDB President Moreno outlines his own vision of how the IDB intends to confront the challenges to Latin America and the Caribbean where regional an...
MERCOSUR Report No. 13 (2007-2008)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In spite of the international context affected by the financial and credit crisis triggered in the US mortgage market, integration of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) has continued to move forward, mainly in the internal agenda, where member countries reached certain agreements. In the period covered in this report (June 2007 to June 2008), tr...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 12 : No. 28 : January-June, 2008
Beato, Paulina;Brooks, Douglas H.;Cárcamo-Díaz, Rodrigo;Carciofi, Ricardo;Cipoletta Tomassian, Georgina;De, Prabir;Edmonds, Christopher;Fujimura, Manuba;Goddard, John Gabriel;Guerra-García Picasso, Gustavo;Iglesias, Roberto M.;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Navajas, Fernando;Zhai, Fan
The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue includes a selection of articles around one common subject: the development of integration-related infrastructur...
Regional Integration and Trade Cost in South Asia
Banik, Nilankan;Gilbert, John
Until now, amount of inter-country trade within South Asian nations have been low. While similarities in exports profile can be seen as a reason for this low value of trade it might not be a valid one, especially in presence of growing South Asian income. Intra-industry trade theory suggests that complementarity might actually increase trade in pre...
Cooperation and Provision of Regional Public Goods: The IIRSA Case
Carciofi, Ricardo
This presentation discusses the IIRSA Initiative, institutional mechanism for the coordination of intergovernmental actions performed by the twelve South American countries. It covers some descriptive issues and an analysis section. The description features the components of the mechanism: territorial planning, development impact, environmental sus...
Asia's Infrastructure, Trade Costs and Regional Co-operation: Comments
Scollay, Robert
This presentation comments on Douglas H. Brooks' paper Asia's infrastructure, trade costs and regional co-operation which discusses topics of trade dynamics within developing Asia. After highlighting Brooks' key points, it covers issues on trade costs, namely, avoidable versus unavoidable "Non-Tariff" trade costs and the reduction of "Non-Tariff" t...
Transforming Trade Competition into Coordination with PRC
Shantong, Li
This presentation reviews the following topics: China in the world economy; industrial performance and competitiveness of China; features of trade of major Asian economies and preliminary exploration of regional trade agreement among China, Japan and Korea; globalization and regionalism in a global society; and the role of transport on trade. This ...
ASEAN Open Skies and Its Implications on Airport Development Strategy in Malaysia
Tham, Siew Yean
This paper seeks to examine the implication of open skies in ASEAN on the airport development strategy in Malaysia. "Open Skies," in general, refers to the liberalization of aviation markets that can be pursued on a bilateral, regional, or multilateral basis. The findings show that although Malaysia has invested substantially in overall infrastruct...
MERCOSUR Report No. 12 (2006-2007)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In an international context that has started showing signs of increased instability, the pace of global economic growth seems not to have been significantly affected, at least at the time of writing the present report. Growth forecasts for the global economy for this year are only slightly below those for 2006 (5.2% as against 5.4%). World trade co...
Integration Options for MERCOSUR: A Quantitative Analysis by the AMIDA Model
Flôres Jr., Renato G.;Watanuki, Masakazu
The recent developments at the multilateral and regional fronts call for a re-evaluation of trade and integration options for MERCOSUR. Applying a brand new CGE model, we evaluated six scenarios. The simulation results indicate that trade agreements will generate relatively small but positive gains. Integration with the Unites States and the Europe...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 11 : No. 27 : July-December, 2007
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina;Cerrutti, Marcela;Esquivel, Gerardo;Fedewa, Rachel;Hanson, Gordon H.;Huerta-Pineda, Alejandra;Kugler, Maurice;López Córdova, José Ernesto;Lotti, Emanuela;McKenzie, David;Olmedo, Alexandra;Orozco, Manuel;Parrado, Emilio A.;Pozo, Susan;Rapoport, Hillel;Sainz, Tania;Woodruff, Christopher
The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue contains the following articles: International Migration, Remittances and Development: An Overview; Remittances ...
Convergence in the Rules of Origin Spaghetti Bowl: A Methodological Proposal
Cornejo, Rafael;Harris, Jeremy
Many countries are concerned by the dense body of regulations governing their preferential foreign trade and are seeking to simplify the current diversity of rules. To do this they are starting to look at alternatives that allow a degree of convergence between their agreements. This paper aims to develop a methodological proposal to facilitate nego...
Central American Report No. 3 (2004-2006)
Gayá, Romina;Granados, Jaime;Ramos Martínez, Alejandro;Rojas Hayes, Carolina Mary;Vázques, Daniel;Vodusek, Ziga
In 2004-2006, Central America made significant efforts to complete its free trade area (FTA), further itsCustoms Union (CU) and launch the Central America-Dominican Republic-United States Free TradeAgreement (DR-CAFTA). There have been several breakthroughs on the road to economic union, but theprocess is still only at the halfway stage. The subreg...
Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
In October 2000, the twelve countries of South America launched, a multinational, multisectoral and multidisciplinary initiative, whose main objective is to develop the region's infrastructure within a context of environmental sustainability. Supported by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Andean Development Corporation, and the Financi...
Regional Integration: What is in it for CARICOM?
Mendoza, Eduardo;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
Economic and political integration have been a perennial and neuralgic issue in the Caribbean agenda. This paper draws on the literature on trade, growth and regional agreements to discuss the motivation behind the Caribbean drive for integration, the results obtained so far and what is in stock for the future. It argues, with the help of descripti...
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina;Pozo, Susan;Sainz, Tania
Workers's remittances to Mexico represent one of Mexico's most important sources of foreign income, only second to petroleum sales. This paper attempts to measure the elasticity or responsiveness of healthcare use to remittances. Do remittances increase healthcare use by a large or a small percent? Is the responsiveness of healthcare use to remitta...
Emigration, Remittances and Labor Force Participation in Mexico
Hanson, Gordon H.
This paper, examines emigration, remittances, and labor-force participation in Mexico during the 1990s. It uses two samples of households for the analysis: (a) rural households in Mexico in 2000, which vary according to whether they have sent migrants to the United States or received remittances from the United States, and (b) individuals in Mexico...
MERCOSUR Report No. 11 (2005-2006)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In the context of a growing world economy, a steady demand for raw materials and a wealth of liquidity, the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR: Mercado Común del Sur) continues to expand. The macroeconomic indicators reveal a more solid bloc than last year, and growth is combined with lower vulnerability in the external sector, fiscal discipline and ...
Mexican Microenterprise Investment and Employment: The Role of Remittances
Woodruff, Christopher
Using data from Mexican surveys of Microenterprises conducted between 1992 and 1998, we examine the association between migration to the US and investment in microenterprises, the use of paid and unpaid labor, and the earnings of micro entrepreneurs. We find that investments in microenterprises are positively associated with migration rates and tha...
Leveraging Efforts on Remittances and Financial Intermediation
Fedewa, Rachel;Orozco, Manuel
This report seeks to analyze the efforts among financial institutions to leverage the relationship between financial intermediation and remittance transfers. The impact of family remittances has been highlighted in the literature as an important one for development. A development impact is one that addresses issues relating to the distribution of w...
Integration and Trade in the Americas: A Preliminary Estimate of 2006 Trade
Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio;Shearer, Matthew
The purpose of this document is to inform Bank staff and other interested parties about recent developments in integration and trade among the countries of the Western Hemisphere and between these and other countries and world regions.
Empirical Estimated of Trade Costs for Asia
De, Prabir
In this paper, the authors determine how policy and environmental barriers affect international trade, using data at 4-digit HS. The authors estimate a modified gravity equation, controlling for remoteness, for eight sectors in 10 Asian countries. Looking at the impact of the 'non-price' and 'price' factors on international trade, this paper finds ...
Impact of Cross-border Road Infrastructure on Trade and Investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Edmonds, Christopher;Fujimura, Manuba
This paper investigates the impact of cross-border road infrastructure on trade and foreign direct investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion using panel data from 1981 to 2003. Empirical analysis based on a gravity-model approach suggests that the development of cross-border road infrastructure has had a positive effect on intra-regional trade in ...
Infrastructure for Regional Co-operation
Khan, Haider A.;Weiss, John
In this presentation, the author discusses regional co-operation among countries in Asia. Preferential trade and investment agreements are discussed as well as the goal to strengthen structural reform and aid in international competitiveness. This presentation was presented at the Third Annual Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and...
How do Rules of Origin Affect Investment Flows?: Some Hypotheses and the Case of Mexico
Estevadeordal, Antoni;López Córdova, José Ernesto;Suominen, Kati
The proliferation of free trade agreements around the world has accentuated the role of preferential rules of origin (RoO) in global companies¿ sourcing and investment decisions. However, there are few theoretical and practically no empirical analyses on the effects of RoO on foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper strives to shed light on the ...
Migration and Education Inequality in Rural Mexico
McKenzie, David;Rapoport, Hillel
This paper examines the impact of migration on education inequality in rural Mexico. Using data from the 1997 National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID), we first examine the impact of migration on educational attainment for males and females aged 12-15 and 16-18. We then build on the results on attainments to compute education inequality in...
Chile's Integration Strategy: Is There Room for Improvement?
Blyde, Juan S.;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
What are the main issues in Chile's trade agenda? This paper argues that the country's agenda does not lend itself to that traditional kind of policy advice usually given throughout Latin America. Protection is low and uniform, institutions that govern trade policy are strong and well protected from capture and the country has put a lot of effort i...
Agriculture in Brazil and China: Challenges and Opportunities
Carter, Colin A.;Jales, Mário Queiroz de Monteiro;Jank, Marcos Sawaya;Yao, Shunli
This paper analyzes the asymmetries and complementarities between Brazil's and China's agricultural sectors. Brazil and China are key players in world agriculture. Both countries are among the world's top five producers and exporters of agricultural products and have a significant portion of their population working in agriculture. However, four si...
Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference
Fouquin, Michel;Langhammer, Rolf J.;Licandro, Omar;Schweickert, Rainer;Ventura, Jaume;Ziller, Jacques
The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the proce...
Globalization, Migration and Development: The Role of Mexican Migrant Remittances
López Córdova, José Ernesto
In this paper we present evidence suggesting that international migrant remittances generally lead to improved developmental outcomes. Using a cross-section of Mexican municipalities in the year 2000, we show that increases in the fraction of households receiving international remittances are generally correlated with better schooling and health ou...
International Remittances and Development: Existing Evidence, Policies and Recommendations
López Córdova, José Ernesto;Olmedo, Alexandra
In this paper we survey the recent literature assessing the development impact of international migrant remittances. We begin by arguing that international migration should be fully incorporated in ongoing debates on the impact of globalization. We show that, despite methodological challenges, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting that m...
Schott, Peter K.
This paper compares the export competitiveness of China with that of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and of other developing countries in Asia, the Caribbean and Latin America. Using endowment-driven trade theory as a guide, this assessment is made along two dimensions: the distribution of countries's export product...
Achievements, Prospects and Challenges of Hemispheric Cooperation
Iannelli, Norberto
The greater openness of developing countries¿ economies and the free trade agreements negotiated in recent years have spurred arguments in favor of greater integration in the world; they have also given rise to strong opposition. In some cases the opposition stems from the reaction of specific, domestically oriented sectoral interests, and in other...
The Role of Geography and Size
Hummels, David
This report focuses on issues for Latin America and the Caribbean from China's expanding presence in the world economy, with a particular interest in questions related to China's size and proximity to markets.The authors begin with a basic overview of facts, including a characterization of trade and trade growth for China and Latin America and the...
Fear of China: Is there a Future for Manufacturing in Latin America?
Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
China¿s emergence has raised pointed questions about the future of manufacturing in Latin America. This paper looks at this challenge and its implications. It begins by asking: Does manufacturing still matter for Latin America? It argues that the region cannot afford to turn its back to a well-proven road to development. It then moves on to show th...
The FTAA and the Political Economy of Protection in Brazil and the U.S.
de Paiva Abreu, Marcelo
The interest of specific Latin American economies in the successful completion of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiations is very heterogeneous. A list of relevant factors to explain such divergences would include geographic orientation of trade, composition of exports, degree of openness of the economy, level of protection and comm...
Assessing the Impacts of Intellectual Property Rights on Trade Flows in Latin America
Blyde, Juan S.
The protection of intellectual property has been a subject of great contention between developed and developing countries in recent years. Although the Agreement on TRIPs was signed by the members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) during the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, its provisions are still viewed with animosity by many developing c...
Rodríguez Piedrahita, Adrián F.
Preliminary statements about the role of FTAs and the importance of understanding the potential consequences of adopting tax measures deemed expropriatory or unfair and inequitable. Overview of CAFTA-DR¿s Framework on Indirect Expropriation. Introduces the concepts of investment, the obligation not to expropriate, and dispute resolution alternative...
Birdsall, Nancy;Dosman, Edgar J.;Iglesias, Enrique V.;Kerner, Daniel;Love, Joseph L.;Mallorquín, Carlos;Pollock, David H.;Toye, John;Toye, Richard
Raúl Prebisch was one of the great figures in Latin America, a dominant regional and international personality since the 1930s, and it is therefore fitting to honor the centenary of his birth in Tucumán, Argentina in 1901 with a special lecture and conference on his life and work. Moreover, it is equally appropriate that this Prebisch Lecture be de...
Which Industrial Policies are Meaningful for Latin America?
de Paiva Abreu, Marcelo
This paper's main concern is to assess which "industrial policies" would be meaningful for Latin America nowadays. The first section introduces the theme while the second section considers definitions of "industrial policies" and their nature in the past. The third section centers on national growth experiences that may serve as paradigms. Section ...
MERCOSUR Report No. 10 (2004-2005)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The period between the second half of 2004 and the first half of 2005 can be characterized as a timeof convergence in regional macroeconomic trends. The countries of the Southern Common Market(MERCOSUR) saw not only significant economic and trade dynamism in this phase, but also commonpatterns of fiscal and monetary solvency, similar exchange rates...
Fostering Clusters in the Malaysian Electronics Industry: Comments
Castilla, L. Miguel
This presentation comments on Rajah Rasiah's paper Fostering Clusters in the Malaysian Electronics Industry. The document covers a brief summary of the paper's main findings, a series of comments and suggestions, and lessons from the Malaysian experience and from clusters in the Andean region. Rasiah's paper examines the agglomeration-oriented init...
Fostering Clusters in the Malaysian Electronics Industry
Rasiah, Rajah
The meaning of clusters has evolved considerably over several decades. This presentation seeks to use a synthesis of the concept from the time of Mill and Marshall (industrial districts), and Smith and Young on differentiation and division of labour to encompass the work of Brusco, Becatini, Sabel, Sengenberger, Zeitlin, Pyke, Richardson, North, Lo...
Sabel, Charles
This essay explores the governance mechanisms by which an industrial policy based on Toyota Production System (TPS) principles can learn from, collaborate with and ultimately help transform the context of the economic actors without being captured by them. This working paper was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics an...
Miller, Eric T.
In policy circles and intellectual centers throughout the world, there is considerable debate on how to make globalization "work" for smaller, poorer, and otherwise disadvantaged countries. The challenges and potential solutions have manifested themselves in a myriad of ways, from the declarations of the Monterrey Summit on Trade and Development to...
The Entrance to the European Union of 10 New Countries: Consequences for the Relations with MERCOSUR
Flôres Jr., Renato G.
The impact of the May 2004 enlargement is not, in overall terms, something to worry MERCOSUR decision makers and economic agents. However, this globally non-menacing picture raises, at a closer look, a few concerns demanding pre-emptive policy measures. We shall separate the concerns into five categories, close to the project¿s main questions: conc...
Jessen, Anneke;Vignoles, Christopher
Economic growth in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has been slow in the last two decades, averaging just 1.8 percent a year, compared to annual growth of 3.5 percent in the world economy and 4.3 percent in developing countries. Growth has varied considerably among CARICOM¿s 15 member states, but in most countries it has slowed over the years. The...
Gómez Lora, Sergio;Zabludovsky, Jaime
On 1 July 2000 regulations to liberalize trade flows between Mexico and the European Union came into force, after more than six years of diplomatic work and complex negotiations. These regulations are part of the ¿Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLCUEM), which is also one of the components of the Agreement on Economic Association, Political Concertation...
The Production and Financing of Regional Public Goods
Tanzi, Vito
The concept of public good, as defined by Musgrave, Samuelson, and others, was also largely a nationally based concept. As in the classic case of defense spending, the public good was assumed to benefit the population of a country; however, because of two technical characteristics (mainly the difficulty of excluding from the benefits that it provid...
Andean Report No. 2 (2002-2004)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The Andean countries have made significant progress in their external agenda, above all because of the achievements with their main economic and political counterparts. Andean negotiations contributed to having the United States adopt the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act, renewing and enhancing other tariff preferences granted to the...
Building Regional Infrastructure in Latin America
Tanzi, Vito
Economic growth is often a kind of miracle because like most miracles, it is not easy to explain. Countries that have not grown for a century, at times begin to grow at a fast pace, while countries that were growing fast stop growing. From time to time economists have advanced particular theories that argue that some factors, such as investment, hu...
Jamaica: Trade, Integration and the Quest for Growth
Jessen, Anneke;Vignoles, Christopher
Jamaica is a small, open island economy with one of the highest trade/GDP ratios in the Western Hemisphere. Because trade plays such a dominant role in the Jamaican economy, it also substantially determines the country¿s development prospects. Successful participation in the global economy through enhanced international competitiveness, trade facil...
The Harmonization of Indirect Taxes in the Andean Community
Arias, Luis A.;Barreix, Alberto Daniel;Valencia, Alexis;Villela, Luiz Arruda
The approval of Decisions 599 and 600 on the Harmonization of Substantial and Procedural Aspects of Value Added Taxes and the Harmonization of Excise Type Taxes (VAT and selective taxes) by the Commission of the Andean Community is a notable victory for the Andean integration process and sets a precedent in the developing world. The Decisions amoun...
Devlin, Robert;Vodusek, Ziga
Trade has become an increasingly important strategic objective for developing countries. This is a relatively new phenomenon for many of them. Hence the demand to intensify an insertion into the world economy often advances faster than their institutional capacities to formulate effective strategies, trade policies and institutions. This is further...
Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference
Bravo Ortega, Claudio;Fouquin, Michel;Frohmann, Alicia;Langhammer, Rolf J.;Licandro, Omar;Schweickert, Rainer;Ventura, Jaume;Wallace, Helen;Ziller, Jacques
The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the proce...
Barbados: Trade and Integration as a Strategy for Growth
Jessen, Anneke;Vignoles, Christopher
Barbados is a small, open island economy with one of the highest trade/GDP ratios in the Western Hemisphere. Because trade plays such a dominant role in the Barbadian economy, it also substantially determines the country¿s development prospects. Exports are particularly important in this respect: export income is needed to create and sustain jobs, ...
Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 1st Annual Conference
Fanelli, José M.;Langhammer, Rolf J.;Licandro, Omar;Sanguinetti, Pablo;Schweickert, Rainer;Sturzenegger, Federico;Ventura, Jaume
Latin American and Caribbean countries are today at an important juncture in their international economic relations. Since the end of the 1980s the countries of the region have been pursuing a process of economic reform and opening that has brought about a radical change in their domestic economies and in their integration into the world economy. B...
Globalization and the Need for Fiscal Reform in Developing Countries
Tanzi, Vito
Globalization is not a new phenomenon. However, the current form is qualitatively different from past experiences. It provides great opportunities for some countries and challenges to others. A first part of the paper identifies positive and negative effects associated with globalization. The paper then discusses reforms that countries need to unde...
Improving the Access of Mercosur's Agriculture Exports to United States: Lessons from NAFTA
Bianchi, Eduardo;Sanguinetti, Pablo
In the last 15 years or so Mercosur countries have implemented trade liberalization reforms both unilaterally and at regional level. These reforms have been successful in promoting overall trade flows, but not so much with respect to exports to developed countries. This is particularly the case with the United States (US) and the European Union (EU...
MERCOSUR's Insertion into a Globalized World
García Peluffo, Juan Ignacio
This paper formed part of a Conference "Mercosur: In Search of a New Agenda"; held in the Getulio Vargas Foundation in Rio de Janeiro in June 2003. The purpose of the Conference was to was to examine future directions for Mercosur in light of emerging political dynamics pointing to renewed interest in deepening the initiative after a turbulent 1999...
MERCOSUR Report No. 9 (2003-2004)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The period beginning in the first half of 2003 opened a window of opportunity for MERCOSUR¿s internal agenda. Convergence among the member countries¿ exchange rate policies, the resumption of economic growth in the subregion, and the assumption of power on the part of heads of state who are explicitly favorable to the bloc created an auspicious env...
Exchange Rate Instability in MERCOSUR: Causes, Problems and Possible Solutions
Machinea, José Luis
This paper formed part of a Conference "Mercosur: In Search of a New Agenda" held in the Getulio Vargas Foundation in Rio de Janeiro in June 2003. The purpose of the Conference was to was to examine future directions for Mercosur in light of emerging political dynamics pointing to renewed interest in deepening the initiative after a turbulent 1999-...
MERCOSUR: Dilemas and Alternatives for the Trade Agenda
Polónia Rios, Sandra
This paper formed part of a Conference "Mercosur: In Search of a New Agenda" held in the Getulio Vargas Foundation in Rio de Janeiro in June 2003. The purpose of the Conference was to was to examine future directions for Mercosur in light of emerging political dynamics pointing to renewed interest in deepening the initiative after a turbulent 1999-...
Latin American Industrial Competitiveness and the Challenge of Globalization
Albaladejo, Manuel;Lall, Sanjaya;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
Manufacturing in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) faces severe competitive stresses as it integrates into the global economy. It is not, on the whole, coping well. Though it was the first region in the developing world - in the post-war era - to liberalize on international trade and investment flows and had the most advanced industrial ...
A New Approach to Trade Development in Latin America
Lacunza, Hernán;Redrado, Martín
The present work is motivated by the desire to share with those in the political and academic arenas in Latin America my experience with a distinguished team of professionals. This included two years creating and implementing trade policy in Argentina, as well as several years devoted to research concerning the region¿s relations with the rest of t...
The Political Economy of High Protection in Brazil before 1987
de Paiva Abreu, Marcelo
The paper is concerned with the high protection cum high growth experience in Brazil until the second half of the 1980s and its crisis. The paper is structured in four sections. The first section is a summary of the arguments presented in the following three sections of the paper. Section II considers the level of protection in Brazil compared with...
Trade Liberalization and the Political Economy of Protection in Brazil since 1987
de Paiva Abreu, Marcelo
The paper analyses aspects of trade liberalization and the political economy of protection in Brazil since 1987. Section I considers the internal and external constraints to the continued adoption of a strategy based on import substitution industrialization. In section II trade liberalization up to 1994 is described including its adjustments relate...
The Food Industry in Brazil and the United States: The Effects of the FTAA on Trade and Investment
Azevedo, Paulo F.;Chaddad, Fabio R.;Farina, Elizabeth
Brazil and the United States are key players in world agricultural and food markets. The agri-food system in both countries is very large in absolute and relative terms. Both are net exporters of agricultural and food products and major recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the food industry. In addition, US food processors hold substant...
A Key to Hemispheric Integration
Blanco M., Herminio;Gómez Lora, Sergio
FTAA negotiations have reached a decisive stage, as the deadline to conclude negotiations is less than a year away. After nine years of debate, the moment is approaching to make decisions that could finally bring to a reality the agreement that emerged from the 1994 Summit of the Americas. The November 2003 ministerial meeting in Miami met the obje...
MERCOSUR: In search of a New Agenda
Crawley, Andrew
MERCOSUR made substantial achievements in a short period. There was a great deal of liberalization; intra-regional trade increased significantly; a certain sense of regional belonging was inculcated among national publics; and the regional project served as a pretext for national adjustments. Inconsistencies nonetheless persisted between the projec...
Trinidad and Tobago: Trade Performance and Policy Issues in an Era of Growing Liberalization
Jessen, Anneke;Vignoles, Christopher
Trade can be a powerful engine of growth. In today¿s global economy, where investment moves quickly across borders and continents, and trade barriers are rapidly coming down, a competitive exporter has much to gain. In an ever-more liberalized world economy, however, competition is also that much harsher, and only the best will capture the benefits...
Brazil's Trade Liberalization and Growth: Has it Failed?
Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
Unfulfilled expectations about economic growth in Brazil has led many observers to question the ability of the new, open trade regime to put the economy back on a path of sustainable growth. Whereas the country's growth record has been really poor, the evidence suggests that the underlying causes had nothing to do with trade. Quite the contrary. Th...
Nogués, Julio J.
Worldwide, the Mercosur countries are probably the ones that face the most hostile trading system. Their strong comparative advantage in temperate agricultural and agro-industrial products make them particularly vulnerable to the irrationally high and variable agricultural protectionism cum subsidies that continues to distort this trade. In retrosp...
Central American Report N0. 2 (2004)
Balsells Conde, Edgar Alfredo
This report assesses the Central American integration process in recent years, locating it in the context established by the nature of the subregion¿s international insertion, its macroeconomic performance, and the negotiation of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) with the United States. The first part provides a summary analysis of ...
Estevadeordal, Antoni;Suominen, Kati
Rules of origin (RoO) are a central topic both in the Inter-Regional Association Agreement negotiations between the European Union (EU) and the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), and in the 34-country negotiations of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed mapping of the different rules of orig...
Granados, Jaime
Export processing zones and other special regimes will be subject to extensive regulatory reforms as a result of the progressive insertion of the countries into international economy. On the one hand commitments with the World Trade Organization (WTO) impose the elimination of export subsidies. On the other, regional integration schemes will genera...
MERCOSUR's Institutionalization Agenda: The Challenges of a Project in Crisis
Veiga, Pedro da Motta
This paper formed part of a Conference "Mercosur: In Search of a New Agenda" held in the Getulio Vargas Foundation in Rio de Janeiro in June 2003. The purpose of the Conference was to was to examine future directions for Mercosur in light of emerging political dynamics pointing to renewed interest in deepening the initiative after a turbulent 1999-...
Hathaway, Dale E.
This study looks at several major legislative actions in 2002 that will substantially affect trade negotiations with the United States, and examines the US import protection for agricultural products that will be critical in trade negotiations with Central American countries. The two important legislative actions were the passage of the 2002 Farm B...
Agricultural Liberalization in Multilateral and Regional Trade Negotiations
Fuchsloch, Ian;Jank, Marcos Sawaya;Kutas, Géraldine
Agriculture is a strategic issue for the Western Hemispheric countries for both regional and multilateral trade negotiations. However, because of their diversity, countries in the region sometimes pursue different or even conflicting objectives regarding the liberalization of agricultural trade. This work provides an overview of the forces in favo...
Regional Integration and Productivity: The Experiences of Brazil and Mexico
López Córdova, José Ernesto;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
This document was presented in the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 5th Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on August 14th and 15th, 2003. It covers a review of the links between trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) and total factor productivity (TFP). Also discussed are Brazil and Mexico's integration strategie...
Reciprocity in the FTAA: The Roles of Market Access, Institutions and Negotiating Capacity
Nogués, Julio J.
The benefits of the FTAA to Latin American countries will materialize through two channels: improved access to the region's markets, and enhanced growth prospects through the strengthening of basic economic institutions. Furthermore, the importance of these negotiations is heightened by the fact that they are taking place against the failure of the...
Regional Integration and Productivity: The Experiences of Brazil and Mexico
López Córdova, José Ernesto;Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio
This paper discusses the impacts of integration on productivity, specifically within regional agreements. The paper focuses on the economies of Brazil and Mexico and on their performance in the manufacturing sector. The authors estimate firm-level productivity and test its casual links with trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) variables. The r...
Free Trade Area of the Americas: The Scope of the Negotiations
Blanco M., Herminio;Zabludovsky, Jaime
The purpose of this work is to analyze the negotiation agenda of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), its participants¿ main interests and the main conflicts that might arise in the process. Hence, a revision of the core interests pursued by countries in each of the nine FTAA negotiating groups is made. Interests are classified into "defensi...
The Trade and Cooperation Nexus: How Does the MERCOSUR-EU Process Measure Up?
Devlin, Robert;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Krivonos, Ekaterina
The objective of this study is to analyze the interaction between trade and non-trade cooperation in some of the today's major regional initiatives, particularly those between developing and industrialized countries. The study suggests a framework to explore what the paper calls a "trade and cooperation nexus". The modalities of this nexus can take...
The External Dimension of MERCOSUR: Prospects for North-South Integration with the European Union
Giordano, Paolo
The paper addresses the particular issues that arise during the negotiation of comprehensive trade and integration agreements, which involve political and cooperation dialogue in addition to trade liberalization talks. It explores the features of the New Regionalism that emerged in the Southern Cone region during the 1990s and in this light it anal...
MERCOSUR Report No. 8 (2001-2002)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The eighteen months from June 2001 to end December 2002 were a period of unprecedented economic crisis within MERCOSUR, stemming from the sharp external shock that, with different characteristics, origins, and consequences in each member country, manifested itself in the blocs two main economies as the exhaustion of market or voluntary credit. This...
Regional Aspects of Brazil's Trade Policy
Domínguez, Edson P.;Perobelli, Fernando S.
This paper aims to evaluate a number of spatial aspects of Brazils current trade policy, emphasizing those relating to economic integration in general, and bilateral trade with Argentina in particular. A national computable general equilibrium model was developed and implemented (EFES-ARG), in order to evaluate the sectoral impact of different trad...
Regional Banks and Regionalism: A New Frontier for Development Financing
Castro, Lucio;Devlin, Robert
The 1990s witnessed the parallel forces of globalization and regionalization strongly at work. While seemingly contradictory, they are in fact complementary aspects of market development. This paper will focus on the latter, and its special aspects of regionalism; i.e., policy driven regional cooperation. Particular attention will be given to the r...
A Study on the Activities of IFIs in the Area of Export Credit Insurance and Export Finance
Smallridge, Diana;Stephens, Malcom
Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) play a role of central importance in international trade and investment flows. ECAs are a vital part of the infrastructure supporting trade and have often been considered to be a critical component in a nation's export-led growth strategy. The basic role of an ECA is to support and encourage exports and outward investm...
The Outlier Sectors: Areas of Non-Free Trade in the North American Free Trade Agreement
Miller, Eric T.
Since its entry into force, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been enormously influential as a model for trade liberalization. While trade in goods among Canada, the United States and Mexico has been liberalized to a significant degree, this most famous of agreements nonetheless contains areas of recalcitrant protectionism. The fi...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB);MUNK Centre for International Studies (CIS)
This publication reports the results of a project on trade policy-making in eight Western Hemisphere nations jointly conducted by the IDB's INTAL and ITD, the University of Toronto's Munk Centre for International Studies, and the Inter-American Dialogue. The project focuses on the question of how best to accommodate the participation of non-state a...
Gonzales, Anthony Peter
The overall purpose of the report is to appraise progress towards deeper integration among the member states of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM). More specifically, and with particular reference to the goals of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME), it seeks to assess the depth of market integration and functional cooperat...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In 2002, the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), comprising Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, is developing definitions that may be central to its potentially active participation in the formation of a free trade area with the MERCOSUR countries, as well as in the formation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).
Regional Public Goods in Official Development Assistance
Ferroni, Marco
This paper seeks to review the demand, and the case, for regional public goods in the light of growing integration; to report on the response of certain international organizations and the system of official development assistance to perceived growth in the demand for these goods; and to analyze the challenges of financing regional public goods. Th...
Search for a New Partnership in Trade and Investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific
Kuwayama, Mikio
Although interregional cooperation in trade and investment between Latin America and Asia-Pacific has been on the agendas of countries in both regions for some time, initiatives have been few, with meager results. The lack of tangible results is related to the economic asymmetries between the two regions and a purely inter-industrial nature of bi-r...
NAFTA and the Mexican Economy: Analytical Issues and Lessons for the FTAA
López Córdova, José Ernesto
Suriname gained autonomy from Holland in domestic affairs in 1955 and full political independence in 1975. "Self-sufficiency" -particularly in economic terms- became a strong motif in Suriname politics thereafter. Yet the inward-looking development policies pursued by successive governments after independence proved to be self-defeating and, after ...
Breaking from Isolation: Suriname's Participation in Regional Integration Initiatives
Jessen, Anneke;Katona, Andrew
This paper discusses Suriname's efforts in regional integration initiatives, starting in the 1990s. In the first section, the authors identify some concrete initiatives undertaken by Suriname to broaden and diversify its economic links, and highlight the many barriers that remain to be overcome in that area. Next, they examine, from a theoretical p...
MERCOSUR Report No. 7 (2000-2001)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
MERCOSUR has become less operational, despite government claims that it will continue to play a leading role in the international insertion strategies of its member countries for some years. The current crisis is clearly far from over. It is important to note that the enormous difficulties that MERCOSUR faces stem not only from changes to the condi...
NAFTA and the Mexican Economy: Analytical Issues and Lessons for the FTAA
López Córdova, José Ernesto
This paper briefly discusses some of the issues that must be grappled with when analyzing the impact that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had -and will have in the future- on the Mexican economy. Although discussion concentrates on the evolution of Mexico's economy and economic policy-making, some thoughts are also provided on t...
What's New in the New Regionalism in the Americas?
Devlin, Robert;Estevadeordal, Antoni
The centrifugal forces of economic globalization in the 1990's ran parallel with centripetal forces of regionalization. While seemingly pulling in opposite directions, the two forces reflected complementary dimensions of dynamic capitalist market development. The completion of the Uruguay Round and growing membership in the World Trade Organization...
Central American Report No. 1 (2000)
Guzmán, Eduardo Alonso
The Central American Common Market (CACM) comprises Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, the signatories of the General Treaty on Economic Integration in 1960. The basic pattern of economic integration in Central America was based on a free trade area, with a common external tariff and standardized customs rules, a preferenti...
Devlin, Robert
The FTAA process itself has already generated important positive externalities for the hemisphere and the multilateral system. It has provided a regular forum in which 34 countries'; trade delegations have gotten to personally know each other better on a first name basis. This increasing personal espirit des corps not only has enhanced the FTAA ...
Negotiating Market Access between the European Union and MERCOSUR: Issues and Prospects
Estevadeordal, Antoni;Krivonos, Ekaterina
The European Union (EU) and MERCOSUR are the largest and most influential regions, both by population and in terms of size of the economy, of their respective continents. The renewed priority given to biregional cooperation launched by the Inter-Regional Framework Agreement signed in 1995 is based on deep historical, political, economic and cultura...
A New Push for Regional Infrastructure Development in South America
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
This study was undertaken in response to a request from the government of Brazil that the Inter-American Development Bank support the analysis of infrastructure integration in South America at the level of the region¿s highest authorities. The request was made in light of the convening of the Meeting of South American Presidents in Brasilia on 31 ...
MERCOSUR Report No. 6 (1999-2000)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Although the leaders of the four member countries repeatedly affirmed their complete faith in the integration process, the outlook for MERCOSUR has been uncertain and gloomy as a result of Brazil¿s modification of the exchange regime in mid-January 1999, the negative effects of the fall in commodity prices, and the severe recession affecting Argent...
The New Regionalism in the Americas: The Case of MERCOSUR
Estevadeordal, Antoni;Goto, Junichi;Saez, Raul
This paper takes seriously the recent claim made by Ethier [1998] that the "New Regionalism" reflects the success of the multilateral trading system, not its failure. In fact, the New Regionalism represents a qualitative departure of the old regionalism in several respects, in particular, its development has taken place in a very different internat...
Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 3 : No. 9 : September-December, 1999
Bussolo, Maurizio;Giambiagi, Fabio;González, Flavio Floreal;Hinojosa Ojeda, Raúl;Ivascanu, Daniela;McCleery, Robert K.;Roland-Holst, David;Stephenson, Sherry
The Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue includes the following articles: Why "Rebuilding the Caribbean" Requires NAFTA Parity for CBI Countries: Towards a "Wi...
The FTAA: Some Longer Term Issues
Devlin, Robert;Estevadeordal, Antoni;Garay, Luis Jorge
The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process was launched during the Miami Summit of Heads of State in December 1994. It was the centerpiece of a broader hemispheric initiative of political and socio-economic cooperation among 34 countries of the Americas with the objective to negotiate a hemispheric free trade agreement by the year 2005. The...
MERCOSUR Report No. 5 (1998-1999)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
The second half of 1998 was a turning point in the macroeconomic evolution of the MERCOSUR countries, and will very probably mark the beginning of a new phase in relations between them. Despite some difficulties and setbacks, the initial stage ¿ from the signing of the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 to the Russian moratorium in August 1998 ¿ should be ...
Negotiating Preferential Market Access: The Case of NAFTA
Estevadeordal, Antoni
There is a growing interest related to the theoretical analysis of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Nevertheless, there has been as yet very little empirical research on the topic, in particular, on the negotiating dynamics of these types of agreements. This paper attempts to make a contribution in this direction examining the relationship between the...
Government Procurement and Free Trade in the Americas
Camblor, Roberto;Claro de la Maza, Jorge
Governments in many countries -at all levels of development- struggle with increasing budget deficits and soaring national debts. Over the last century, government spending, as a percentage of gross domestic product has tended to increase and with it has increased the range of services offered by governments and the volume of public procurement res...
The Caribbean Community: Facing the Challenges of Regional and Global Integration
Jessen, Anneke;Rodríguez, Ennio
On 4 July 1998, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. CARICOM is one of the oldest integration schemes in the Western Hemisphere, the largest in terms of membership, yet by far the smallest in economic and geographic terms. In the wake of its historic anniversary, many have reflected on the Community's past achi...
Financial Services in the Trading System: Progress and Prospects
Miller, Eric T.
In the winter of 1996, Canada's third largest financial institution, the Bank of Montreal, launched a now infamous advertising campaign in which it asked the question: Can a bank change? While the resulting ads naturally responded in the affirmative, many other large financial institutions were asking themselves the same question. The dramatic acce...
Towards an Evaluation of Regional Integration in Latin America in the 1990s
Devlin, Robert;Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo
The decade of the 1990s has witnessed a wave of regional integration initiatives in Latin America: more than 14 agreements -free trade areas or customs unions- since 1990 with a handful more in varying degrees of negotiation (see Table 1). However, this was not just a Latin American phenomenon, as regionalism has more than ever become a global tren...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In the first half of 1998, the impact of the Asian crisis on the level of economic activity in the four MERCOSUR countries was, in addition to being reasonably differentiated, much less severe than had been forecast at the end of 1997. However, the sub-regional gross domestic product (GDP), after registering 3.2% growth in 1996 and 4.7% growth in 1...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
During 1997, MERCOSUR countries again experienced both an acceleration in their economic growth rates and a reduction in inflation rates. This favorable performance was accompanied by an improved fiscal position and the stabilization of real exchange rates. Given that exchange policies in MERCOSUR countries play a central role as inflation-control ...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
In the first half of 1997, MERCOSUR's macroeconomic situation was marked by two trends: first, improved performance in terms of output and inflation rates, in a context of relative fiscal fragility and external vulnerability; and second, convergence in the performance of the different countries, assuring the stability of real bilateral exchange rat...
The Integration Movement in the Caribbean at Crossroads: Towards a New Approach of Integration
Nogueira, Uziel
The Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL) has inaugurated a Working Papers Series with the publication of a study by Uziel Nogueira, the Institute's Economist. Entitled "The Integration Movement in the Caribbean at the Crossroads: Towards a New Approach to Integration", the study opens with an overview of the move...
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
MERCOSUR has become less operational, despite government claims that it will continue to play a leading role in the international insertion strategies of its member countries for some years. The current crisis is clearly far from over. It is important to note that the enormous difficulties that MERCOSUR faces stem not only from changes to the condi...
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