2) Regional System of Standardized Indicators for Citizen Security and Violence Prevention (SES). SES is an association composed of 20 countries with the goal of improving and making comparable their crime and violence data.

For thus sources, 3 variables, quantity of crime, the gross rate and the indirect rate are available. The indirect rate (standardized) is only calculated for some crimes and is not comparable with the other rates given how its calculated. The standardized rates are calculated for the following crimes:

These are the definition used by SES for the main two variables. This was found in the following document “Reporte Regional de Indicadores Estandarizados de los países miembros del SES. 2008-2013”

· Gross rate

The quotient of cases of an occurrence and the population exposed to said occurrence. As a result, a rate is obtained that represent the mathematical probability of occurrence within a population at a determined point in time. When the denominator is the general population, the population up to June 30th for that specific yea. For example the gross rate of homicides is the ratio of the total number of homicides in the specified year and the total population for the same time period multiplied by 100,000 for each country.

· Indirect rate by age and gender

The standardization term refers to the procedure that facilitates comparing summary measurements between countries. The standardization uses methods of adjustment based on weighted averages where the weights are selected to present an “appropriate base” for comparison, which generally corresponds to the sum of populations or some other external population that is relevant. In this case, following the guidelines from Schoenbach (1999), an external population was used. The indirect standardization is presented when the specific number for a specific age grape are small, when information on age groups is not available or when the population structure is very different, for which a “standardized mortality reason” is calculated

The following table provides the main sources of information for SES:

Disclaimer: There could exist variation between rates published by SES and UNODC given that different sources where used for populations and crimes.

For disaggregated data, official data sources were used for each country. In the case that rates were not provided, these were calculated using population projections from the respective national statistical institutes.

To calculate the rates corresponding to each administrative region, the following formula was used:

Dataseg II

For disaggregated data, data is available for the following countries: