A UNAIDS publication for the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, describing the impact of HIV/AIDS on human resources and development, and recommending policy directions

Report about national HIV/AIDS accounts estimates conducted in the Dominican Republic, written by Rolando Pérez Uribe and sponsored by the SIDALAC Initiative 

A UNAIDS 2002 report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic

The IMF and the World Bank have designed a framework to provide special assistance to heavily indebted poor countries that pursue IMF- and World Bank-supported adjustment and reform programs, but for whom traditional debt relief mechanisms are insufficient. The HIPC Initiative entails coordinated action by the international financial community, including multilateral institutions, to reduce to sustainable levels the external debt burden of these countries. This document outlines changes made to the HIPC Initiative in 1999. Another IMF factsheet briefly describes the HIPC Initiative itself.

A RAND Corporation paper about reforms to the current budget structure of health system in the US

This paper articulates St. Lucia's philosophy and vision for health, human services, family affairs and gender relations. It outlines and expands on major policy and strategy to position the services to develop in the most sustainable and effective manner.

Under the USAID funded global PHR Project, for the first time, a National Health Accounts framework and methodology was used to estimate sero-positive households' utilization and expenditures on health care in Rwanda.

The socioeconomic research in this paper was carried out under contract to CINSSA Ltda by Family Health International and under the auspices of the Ministry of Health of Colombia, in order to better describe the potential impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and to indicate future needs in terms of both prevention and treatment.

The broad objectives of this Public Expenditure Review were twofold: to analyze the pattern and evolution of public expenditures in Nicaragua with a view toward assessing their consistency with the priorities expressed in the recent Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), and to examine Nicaragua's institutional capacity to implement the poverty reduction programs defined in the PRSP and recommend measures for raising that capacity.

The annual AIDS Epidemic Update reports on the latest developments in the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. With maps and regional summaries, the 2003 edition provides the most recent estimates of the epidemic's scope and human toll, explores new trends in the epidemic's evolution, and features a special section examining stigma and discrimination.

This paper, written by David A. Robalino, Carol Jenkins, and Karim El Maroufi of the World Bank, develops a model of optimal growth to assess the risks of an HIV/AIDS epidemic and the expected economic impacts in 9 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region.

The Ministry of Health of Nicaragua, aware of the importance of monitoring resource flows in the Health Sector, prioritized and coordinated in its Annual Operational Plan 2002 the consolidation of the National Accounts since 1995 until 2001. They constitute a valuable resource for the formulation of health policies that would lead to the improvement of health of the Nicaraguan people.

Ministry of Health HIV/AID Program data tables showing the resource flows according to intervention type.

This special series of reports, prepared in June 2002 for the IAEN Barcelona Symposium, was written by a team of leading economists and social scientists in response to the question, “What is the state of the art in the field of AIDS and economics”. This question was designed to provide authors with the ability to focus on the issues that they felt were most critical. Sponsored by Merck and POLICY Project.

This issue of the Horizons research update bulletin of the Population Council presents a paper on the economic evaluations of HIV/AIDS interventions. It states that they provide important information on costs to help program managers budget more effectively. Estimating the cost of service delivery provides insights on how well resources are being managed and what can be done to improve efficiency. The Population Council is supported by the USAID.

This presentation was shown by Alan Whiteside, Director of Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division at the University of Natal, Durban, at the introduction to the IAEN symposium at the XIV International AIDS Conference in Barcelona on July 6, 2002.

This paper, co-written by David E. Bloom of Harvard School of Public Health, UK-based consultancy River Path Associates, and Jaypee Sevilla of Harvard School of Public Health, explores the links between AIDS and poverty and the wider impact of health on a country’s development, focusing particularly on Asia. It starts by looking at the overall importance of health to developing countries, assessing the ways in which changes in health can help or hinder development. Part 2 of the paper addresses the links between AIDS, one of the biggest health threats to the developing world, and poverty.

This study was commissioned by NORAD to review recent literature on socio-economic consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa with focus on Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. The report gives a general socio-economic overview and identifies some issues of importance for Norway's assistance to the five focus countries.

This OECD manual provides a set of comprehensive, consistent and flexible accounts. It establishes a conceptual basis of statistical reporting rules and proposes a newly developed International Classification for Health Accounts.

A technical note about using household surveys and pharmaceutical industry sources to estimate health accounts prepared by Ravi Rannan-Eliya and Patricia Henderson, for the First Meeting of the LAC National Health Accounts Initiative in Cuernavaca, Mexico

This exploratory study reviews the sources and uses of health sector funds in the Philippines from 1991 to 1999. The NHA historical estimates from 1991 to 1999 serve as the cost base for predicting national health expenditures for the year 2004, based on the Health Sector Reform Agenda targets.

A final report from a consultation, entitled "General Summary of Conceptual and Methodological Aspects, and Main Results for the Period 1993-1999", was presented to the National Department of Planning of Colombia as part of the development of the National Health Accounts of Colombia Project since June of 1998.

This joint WHO/World Bank study measures the monetary value households place on preventing malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia. The authors estimate a household demand function for a hypothetical malaria vaccine and calculate willingness to pay to prevent malaria as the area beneath this  demand function to the left of household size. Willingness to pay is contrasted with the traditional costs of illness--the medical costs and time lost due to malaria.

This draft paper attempts to shed light on the issue of Values of a Statistical Life (VSL) by conducting a compensating wage study in one developing country - India - to obtain estimates of the VSL that reflect Indian risk preferences.

This joint Ministry of Health/Harvard School of Public Health/USAID workshop introduces the methodology of cost-effectiveness analysis and its use in health planning to health officials at the central and governorate levels.

This study was conducted by Tarsicio Castañeda at the IDB. It aimed to respond to the question whether social expenditures in Latin America and the Caribbean have increased over the last three decades, and if so, if the social spending has been efficient and progressive. It first examines the global tendencies in social expenditures since the 1970s, and the main institutional changes and innovations that have occurred during that time. Next, it examines whether social expenditures have achieved their goals. Finally, it looks at the targeting of social spending to the poorest groups of the population, which has been the intention of governments and international organizations since the 1980s.

Essential methodological tool for the preparation of health accounts. This is a draft version. The English version may be purchased here and the Spanish here.