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Palermo Convention, 249
Panama:
 credit
registries, 176
efficiency
of banking industry, 7
housing
finance, 209, 211,
216
interest
rate spread, 6
small
and medium enterprises, 187
state-owned
banks, 151
Paraguay:
deposit
insurance, 102
financial
dollarization, 53, 95-96
money
laundering, 243
Payments systems, 68, 85
Pension fund systems, 76
Peru:
banking
crisis resolution, 72box
Commission
for the Formalization of Informal Property (COFOPRI), 193
credit
registries, 178box,
180-181
deposit
insurance, 103-104
financial
dollarization, 49, 51,
95-96
foreign
banks, 129, 133,
136
housing
finance, 210-211, 212box,
214, 216,
218-220
money
laundering, 251
Mortgage
Fund for Housing Promotion (Mivivienda), 216
nominal
bonds, 64
property
rights, 193box
public
debt and deficit, 18fig
real
estate value as percentage of GDP, 209
small
and medium enterprises, 187
state-owned
banks, 147, 152
sudden
stops, 41
Petro-dollars, 79
Political view of state-owned banking, 141,
157
Postal savings, 147box
Poverty, 243
Price indexing of debt markets, 64
Privacy laws, 183
Private contracts, 167
Privatization of banks:
costs/benefits
of, 149box
and
foreign ownership, 132box
increases
in, 141, 147-148
money
laundering and, 248
Profitability by bank type, 152
Property fraud, 165-166
Property registries, 164-165,
193box
Property rights:
deepening
credit markets, 166-168
enforcement
of, 163
and
financial development, 163-164
and
financial stability, 23
housing
finance and, 221
loans
and weaknesses in, 132box
protection
by country of, 166fig
Provisioning, 133-134, 230-231,
235
Public Banks. See State-owned banks
Public bonds, 33, 64
Public debt:
bank
holdings of, 94fig
and
public deficit, 18fig,
19fig
and
SME access to financing, 196
and
vulnerability to sudden stops, 43
Public deficit, 18fig,
19fig, 20tab
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