References

Baer, H., and E. Brewer. 1986. Uninsured Deposits as a Source of Market Discipline: A New Look. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics 24:3–20.

Bair, Sheila C. 2003. Improving Access to the U.S. Banking System among Recent Latin American Immigrants. Multilateral Investment Fund, Washington, D.C., and University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. Unpublished.

Balzarotti, Verónica, Christian Castro, and Andrew Powell. 2004. Reforming Capital Requirements in Emerging Countries: Calibrating Basel II Using Historical Argentine Credit Bureau Data and Credit-Risk+. CIF Working Paper no. 07/2004. Centro de Investigación en Finanzas, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires.

Balzarotti, Verónica, Michael Falkenheim, and Andrew Powell. 2002. On the Use of Portfolio Risk Models and Capital Requirements in Emerging Markets: The Case of Argentina. The World Bank Economic Review 16(2):197–212.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS). 2003. High-level Principles for the Cross-Border Implementation of the New Accord. Basel Committee Publications no. 100. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Basel.

Barajas, Adolfo, and R. Armando Morales. 2003. Dollarization of Liabilities: Beyond the Usual Suspects. IMF Working Paper no. 03/11. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

Barajas, Adolfo, and Roberto Steiner. 2000. Depositor Behavior and Market Discipline in Colombia. IMF Working Paper no. 00/214. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

Barron, John M., and Michael Staten. 2003. The Value of Comprehensive Credit Reports: Lessons from the U.S. Experience. In Margaret J. Miller, ed., Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, Jr., and Ross Levine. 2001. The Regulation and Supervision of Banks around the World: A New Database. In Robert E. Litan and Richard Herring, eds., Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

_____. 2004. Bank Regulation and Supervision: What Works Best? Journal of Financial Intermediation 13(2):205–48.

Bartholomew, Philip E., Larry R. Mote, and Gary Whalen. 1995. The Definition of Systemic Risk. Paper presented at the Western Economic Association International Annual Conference, 5–9 July, San Diego, California.

Bartlett, Brent L. 2002. The Negative Effects of Money Laundering on Economic Development. In Asian Development Bank, ed., Manual on Countering Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism. Manila: Asian Development Bank.

BBVA Bancomer. 2002. Informe Inmobiliario. Mexico City. April.

_____. 2003. Informe Inmobiliario. Mexico City. April.

Beck, Thorsten, and Ross Levine. 2003. Legal Institutions and Financial Development. NBER Working Paper no. 10126. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

Beck, Thorsten, Juan Miguel Crivelli, and William Summerhill. 2003. State Bank Transformation in Brazil: Choices and Consequences. Paper presented at the World Bank Conference on Bank Privatization, 20–21 November, Washington, D.C.

Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2002. Law and Finance: Why Does Legal Origin Matter? NBER Working Paper no. 9379. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

_____. 2003a. Bank Concentration and Crises. NBER Working Paper no. 9921. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

_____. 2003b. Bank Supervision and Corporate Finance. NBER Working Paper no. 9620. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

_____. 2003c. A New Database on Financial Development and Structure. Policy Research Working Paper no. 2146. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Vojislav Maksimovic. 2003. Bank Competition, Financing Obstacles and Access to Credit. Policy Research Working Paper no. 2996. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Beck, Thorsten, Ross Levine, and Norman Loayza. 2000. Finance and the Sources of Growth. Journal of Financial Economics 58(1–2):261–300.

Berger, Allen N., and Timothy H. Hannan. 1998. The Efficiency Cost of Market Power in the Banking Industry: A Test of the “Quiet Life” and Related Hypotheses. The Review of Economics and Statistics 80(3):454–65.

Berger, Allen N., and David B. Humphrey. 1997. Efficiency of Financial Institutions: International Survey and Directions for Future Research. European Journal of Operational Research 98:175–212.

Berger, Allen N., and Loretta J. Mester. 1997. Inside the Black Box: What Explains Differences in the Efficiencies of Financial Institutions? Journal of Banking and Finance 21(4):895–947.

Berger, Allen N., and Gregory F. Udell. 1995. Relationship Lending and lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance. Journal of Business 68(3):351–81.

Berger, Allen N., Rebecca S. Demsetz, and Philip E. Strahan. 1999. The Consolidation of the Financial Services Industry: Causes, Consequences, and Implications for the Future. Journal of Banking and Finance 23(2-4):135–94.

Berger, Allen N., Leora F. Klapper, and Gregory F. Udell. 2001. The Ability of Banks to Lend to Informationally Opaque Small Businesses. Journal of Banking and Finance 25(12):2127–67.

Bernanke, Ben S., and Mark Gertler. 1989. Agency Costs, Net Worth, and Business Fluctuations. American Economic Review 79(1):14–31.

_____. 1995. Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission. NBER Working Paper no. 5146. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

Bikker, Jacob A., and Katharina Haaf. 2002. Competition, Concentration and Their Relationship: An Empirical Analysis of the Banking Industry. Journal of Banking and Finance 26(11):2191–14.

Bleakley, Hoyt, and Kevin Cowan. 2002. Corporate Dollar Debt and Depreciations: Much Ado about Nothing? Working Paper 02-5. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, MA.

Bonaccorsi di Patti, Emilia, and Giovanni Dell’Ariccia. 2000. Bank Competition and Firm Creation. Center for Financial Institutions Working Paper no. 00–20. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Bonaccorsi di Patti, Emilia, and Giorgio Gobbi. 2001. The Effects of Bank Consolidation and Market Entry on Small Business Lending. Tema di discussione no. 404. Bank of Italy, Rome.

Bonin, John P., Iftekhar Hasan, and Paul Wachtel. 2003. Privatization Matters: Bank Performance in Transition Countries. Paper presented at the World Bank Conference on Bank Privatization, 20–21 November, Washington, D.C.

Boskey, Shirley. 1959. Problems and Practices of Development Banks. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Boyd, John H., and Gianni De Nicoló. 2003. Bank Risk-Taking and Competition Revisited. IMF Working Paper no. 03/114. International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

Boyd, John H., and David E. Runkle. 1993. Size and Performance of Banking Firms: Testing the Predictions of Theory. Journal of Monetary Economics 31:47–67.

Boyd, John H., Ross Levine, and Bruce D. Smith. 2001. The Impact of Inflation on Financial Sector Performance. Journal of Monetary Economics 47(2):221–48.

Brealey, R. A., and E. C. Kaplanis. 1996. The Determination of Foreign Banking Location. Journal of International Money and Finance 15(4):577–97.

Bresnahan, Timothy. 1982. The Oligopoly Solution Concept Is Identified. Economics Letters 10(1-2):87–92.

Broda, Christian, and Eduardo Levy-Yeyati. 2003. Endogenous Deposit Dollarization. Staff Reports no. 160. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York, N.Y.

Broner, Fernando A., and R. Gaston Gelos. 2003. Testing the Portfolio Channel of Contagion: The Role of Risk Aversion. Paper presented at the IMF conference, Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Cycles, 6–7 November, Washington, D.C.

Bruck, N. 1998. The Role of Development Banks in the Twenty-First Century. Journal of Emerging Markets 3:39–67.

Budnevich, C., and H. Franken. 2003. Disciplina de mercado en la conducta de los depositantes y rol de las agencias clasificadoras de riesgo: el caso de Chile. Economía Chilena 6(2):45–70.

Burdisso, Tamara, Laura D’Amato, and Andrea Molinari. 1998. Privatización de bancos en Argentina: el camino hacia una banca más eficiente? Working Paper no. 4. Banco Central de la República Argentina.

Burger, John D., and Francis E. Warnock. 2003. Diversification, Original Sin, and International Bond Portfolios. International Finance Discussion Paper no. 755. Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C.

Burgess, Robin, and Rohini Pande. 2004. Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment. CEPR Discussion Paper no. 4211. Centre for Economic Policy Research, London.

Burnside, Craig, Martin Eichenbaum, and Sergio Rebelo. 2001a. Hedging and Financial Fragility in Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes. European Economic Review 45(7):1151–93.

_____. 2001b. On the Fiscal Implications of Twin Crises. NBER Working Paper no. 8277. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.