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 | Autor:Brandi, Juan Pedro
Título:Exportación por envíos postales : Tres niveles de análisis
Serie:Integración y Comercio (2012) ; 16 (34)
Temas:<COMERCIO
INTERNACIONAL><INICIATIVA PARA LA INTEGRACION DE LA
INFRAESTRUCTURA REGIONAL SURAMERICANA,
IIRSA><EXPORTACIONES><SERVICIOS POSTALES>
Resumen:El
presente artículo tiene por finalidad narrar la experiencia del
proyecto Exportación por Envíos Postales impulsada en el marco de la
Agenda de Implementación Consensuada (AIC) 2005-2010 de la Iniciativa
para la Integración de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana
(IIRSA), vista desde los enfoques que valorizan la exportación, y desde
tres niveles de análisis diferentes. No es la intención de este
documento evaluar el éxito o fracaso de la experiencia en sí, sino
conceptualizar la racionalidad del instrumento como promotor de
exportaciones y de exportadores. En la primera parte, hacemos una
presentación del programa y narramos las experiencias de Brasil y Perú.
En segundo lugar, analizamos el programa a través de las teorías que
focalizan la relevancia de la exportación. Por último, presentamos las
consideraciones finales.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | H INTEG.COM. [2012] 16, 34 | | Documento Electrónico; Documento Impreso | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Carciofi, Ricardo
Título:Introducción
Serie:Integración y Comercio (2012) ; 16 (34)
Temas:<INICIATIVA
PARA LA INTEGRACION DE LA INFRAESTRUCTURA REGIONAL SURAMERICANA,
IIRSA><INTEGRACION FISICA><INTEGRACION
REGIONAL><MERCADO COMUN DEL SUR, MERCOSUR><UNION DE
NACIONES SURAMERICANAS, UNASUR>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | H INTEG.COM. [2012] 16, 34 | | Documento Electrónico; Documento Impreso | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Kandogan, Yener
Título:Regional foreign direct investment potential of the states within the US
Serie:Journal of Economic Business (2012) ; 64: p. 306-322
Temas:<DESARROLLO
ECONOMICO><INVERSION EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, IED><PROMOCION DE
LAS INVERSIONES><CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO>
Geográficos:<ESTADOS UNIDOS>
Resumen:Given
various significant benefits, not only countries but also regions
within a country compete against each other in trying to attract
foreign direct investments (FDI). While there are several studies
explaining the factors behind a country's potential for foreign direct
investment, within-country location choice of multinationals has not
been as adequately studied. After a brief review of the literature on
location decisions of multinationals, this study attempts to fill this
gap by identifying the factors that lead to variations in the
attractiveness of regions within a country. The study uses states
within the US as regions and develops an FDI potential index for the
states using the results. The analysis is carried out not only to
explain the amount of capital investment by multinationals to a
specific region but also the level of employment resulting from the
FDI, which seems to be the main reason for state legislatures' efforts
to attract such investments in the US. The index provides a guideline
for identifying the successful strategies in states' promotional
economic development programs.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eH J.ECON.BUS. [2012] 64 : p. 306-322 | | Documento Electrónico |
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| Autor:Muniz Costa, Sérgio Paulo
Título:La integración regional sudamericana por transporte terrestre : una perspectiva histórica
Serie:Integración y Comercio (2012) ; 16 (34)
Temas:<INTEGRACION PRODUCTIVA><DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE><TRANSPORTE POR CARRETERA>
Resumen:Las
concepciones de desarrollo modernas ya no se limitan a los aspectos
económicos: comprenden muchos otros factores -políticos, humanos y
sociales- que las viabilizan. El transporte terrestre, entendido
normalmente como un elemento de la infraestructura inductor del
crecimiento económico, no es valorado debidamente por su capacidad de
promover el desarrollo. La experiencia del desarrollo brasileño en la
segunda mitad del siglo XX, inspirada en una vocación de integración
continental, demuestra que el transporte terrestre tiene utilidad e
importancia más allá de sus propósitos inmediatos. La historia sirve
como medio para tener cabal dimensión de los tiempos más prolongados en
que se construyeron las estructuras sociales y políticas que se deben
tener en cuenta en la formulación de propuestas para superar antiguos
obstáculos al desarrollo. Por esta vía, otras ciencias sociales pueden
sumarse al esfuerzo de comprensión y prospección necesario para el
diseño de proyectos de desarrollo regionales. La evaluación
retrospectiva del proceso de integración brasileño permite establecer
relaciones entre el medio físico, los condicionantes económicos y las
resultantes sociales que surgen al implementar sistemas de transporte
terrestres, específicamente el de carreteras. El presente ensayo
propone una forma de pensar el desarrollo y la integración del
continente sudamericano a partir del transporte terrestre, emulando
políticas y estrategias que tengan en cuenta los aspectos históricos,
geográficos y culturales de las poblaciones y las regiones intermedias
entre los grandes centros económicos.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | H INTEG.COM. [2012] 16, 34 | | Documento Electrónico; Documento Impreso | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Reece, Christopher; Sam, Abdoul G.
Título:Impact of Pension Privatization on Foreign Direct Investment
Serie:World Development (2012) ; 40 (2) : p. 291-302
Temas:<REFORMAS
ECONOMICAS><INVERSION EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, IED><PROMOCION DE
LAS INVERSIONES><SEGURIDAD SOCIAL><PRIVATIZACIONES>
Geográficos:<AMERICA LATINA><EUROPA ORIENTAL><ASIA>
Resumen:We
explore the causal effect of market-oriented pension reform on net
foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Latin America and among the
transitional economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, both of
which have experienced waves of pension privatization and FDI over the
last two decades. With our balanced panel of 42 countries over the
1991-2006 period, we implement fixed effects models, controlling for
the decision to enact full or partial privatization of the public
pension system and several other covariates whose choice is informed by
the rich empirical literature on FDI. Our econometric results indicate
that pension privatization triggers a significant increase in net FDI
inflows and that the effect does not wane over time. We estimate that
full privatization increases FDI as a percentage of GDP by about 57
percentage, ceteris paribus.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | H Z WORL.DEV. [2012] 40, 2 : p. 291-302 | | Documento Impreso |
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 | Autor:Arezki, Rabah; Nabli, Mustapha K.
Título:Natural Resources, Volatility, and Inclusive Growth: Perspectives from the Middle East and North Africa
Edición:Washington: IMF, April 2012 [25 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-111
Temas:<DISTRIBUCION
DEL INGRESO><POLITICAS PUBLICAS EN
GENERAL><VOLATILIDAD><RECURSOS NATURALES><REFORMA DEL
ESTADO><REFORMAS ECONOMICAS>
Geográficos:<AFRICA>
Resumen:This
paper takes stock of the economic performance of resource rich
countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over the past
forty years. While those countries have maintained high levels of
income per capita, they have performed poorly when going beyond the
assessment based on standard income level measures. Resource rich
countries in MENA have experienced relatively low and non inclusive
economic growth as well as high levels of macroeconomic volatility.
Important improvements in health and education have taken place but the
quality of the provision of public goods and services remains an
important source of concerns. Looking forward we argue that the success
of economic reforms in MENA rests on the ability of those countries to
invest boldly in building inclusive institutions as well as high levels
of human capacity in public administrations.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-111 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Benes, Jaromir; Chauvet, Marcelle; Kamenik, Ondra; Kumhof, Michael; Laxton, Douglas; Mursula, Susanna; Selody, Jack
Título:The Future of Oil : Geology versus Technology
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [32 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-108
Temas:<GASODUCTOS
Y OLEODUCTOS><MODELOS ECONOMETRICOS><RECURSOS
NATURALES><PETROLEO><INDUSTRIA
PETROQUIMICA><PRECIOS>
Resumen:We
discuss and reconcile two diametrically opposed views concerning the
future of world oil production and prices. The geological view expects
that physical constraints will dominate the future evolution of oil
output and prices. It is supported by the fact that world oil
production has plateaued since 2005 despite historically high prices,
and that spare capacity has been near historic lows. The technological
view of oil expects that higher oil prices must eventually have a
decisive effect on oil output, by encouraging technological solutions.
It is supported by the fact that high prices have, since 2003, led to
upward revisions in production forecasts based on a purely geological
view. We present a nonlinear econometric model of the world oil market
that encompasses both views. The model performs far better than
existing empirical models in forecasting oil prices and oil output out
of sample. Its point forecast is for a near doubling of the real price
of oil over the coming decade. The error bands are wide, and reflect
sharply differing judgments on ultimately recoverable reserves, and on
future price elasticities of oil demand and supply.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-108 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Bordo, Michael D.; Humpage, Owen; Schwartz, Anna J.
Título:Epilogue : Foreign-Exchange-Market Operations In The Twenty-First Century
Edición:Cambridge: NBER, April 2012 [21 p.]
Serie:NBER Working Paper Series; 17984
Temas:<POLITICA MONETARIA><RECESION><MERCADO FINANCIERO><MERCADOS FINANCIEROS EMERGENTES><MONEDA>
Geográficos:<ESTADOS UNIDOS><JAPON>
Resumen:Foreign-exchange
operations did not end after the United States stopped its activist
approach to intervention. Japan persisted in such operations, but
avoided overt conflict with its monetary policy. With the on-set of the
Great Recession, Switzerland has transacted in foreign exchange both
for monetary and exchange-rate purposes, and key central banks have
used swap facilities to extended their lender-of-last-resort functions.
Developing and emerging market economies continue to intervene, but
their actions may hamper the development of their own foreign-exchange
markets. China's undervalued exchange rate is producing inflation and
real appreciation, despite China's efforts to sterilize its reserve
accumulation.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM NBER-WPS 17984 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Brautigam, Deborah; Xiaoyang, Tang
Título:Economic Statecraft in China's New Overseas Special Economic Zones : Soft Power, Business, or Resource Security?
Edición:Washington: IFPRI, March 2012 [28 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 1168
Temas:<RECURSOS
ENERGETICOS><DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><PAISES EN
DESARROLLO><SEGURIDAD ENERGETICA><MERCADOS FINANCIEROS
EMERGENTES>
Geográficos:<CHINA>
Resumen:China's
growing economic engagement with other developing countries has aroused
heated debates. Yet there has been relatively little research on when,
how, and why the Chinese state intervenes in the overseas economic
activities of its firms. We examine China's program to establish
overseas special economic zones as one tool of Beijing's economic
statecraft. We trace the process by which they were established and
implemented, and we investigate the characteristics of the 19 initial
zones. China's state-sponsored economic diplomacy in other developing
countries could play three major strategic roles: strengthening
resource security, enhancing political relationships and soft power,
and boosting commercial opportunities for national firms. We conclude
that even in countries rich in natural resources, the overseas zones
are overwhelmingly positioned as commercial projects and represent a
clear case of the international projection of China's developmental
state. In Africa (but not generally elsewhere), they also enhance
China's soft power.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM IFPRI-DP 1168 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Cheng, Ing-Haw; Kirilenko, Andrei; Xiong, Wei
Título:Convective Risk Flows in Commodity Futures Markets
Edición:Cambridge: NBER, March 2012 [61 p.]
Serie:NBER Working Paper Series; 17921
Temas:<SISTEMA FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL><COMMODITIES><CRISIS><PRECIOS>
Resumen:This
paper analyzes the joint responses of commodity futures prices and
traders' futures positions to changes in the VIX before and after the
recent financial crisis. We find that while financial traders
accommodate the needs of commercial hedgers in normal times, in times
of distress, financial traders reduce their net long positions in
response to an increase in the VIX causing the risk to flow to
commercial hedgers. By exploiting a cross-section of traders, we
provide micro-level evidence for a convective flow of risk from
distressed financial traders to the ultimate producers of commodities
in the real economy.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM NBER-WPS 17921 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Drummond, Paulo; Daal, Wendell; Srivastava, Nandini; Oliveira, Luiz Edgard
Título:Mobilizing Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa : Empirical Norms and Key Determinants
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [42 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-108
Temas:<DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><PAISES EN DESARROLLO><DISTRIBUCION DEL INGRESO><POLITICA FISCAL>
Geográficos:<AFRICA>
Resumen:Mobilizing
more revenue is a priority for sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries.
Countries have to finance their development agendas, and weak revenue
mobilization is the root cause of fiscal imbalances in several
countries. This paper reviews the experience of low-income SSA
countries in mobilizing revenue in recent decades, with two broad aims:
identify empirical norms of how much and how fast countries have been
able to mobilize more revenue and empirical determinants (panel
estimates) of revenue mobilization. The paper finds that (i) the
frequency distribution of changes in revenue ratios for SSA low-income
countries (LICs) peaks at a pace of about ½-2 percentage points of GDP
in the short-to-medium term and at a pace of about 2-3½ percentage
points of GDP over the longer term, and that (ii) almost all SSA-LICs
managed to increase revenue ratios by more than 2 percentage points of
GDP in the short-to-medium term, at least once in the last two decades.
The sustainability of large increases in revenue ratios can be an
issue, in particular for fragile countries. The panel estimates suggest
that structural factors, such as per capita GDP, share of agriculture
in GDP, inflation, degree of openness, and rents received from natural
resources, are important determinants of tax revenue.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-108 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Ecker, Olivier; Breisinger, Clemens
Título:The Food Security System : A New Conceptual Framework
Edición:Washington: IFPRI, March 2012 [20 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 1166
Temas:<SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA><TEORIA ECONOMICA><MACROECONOMIA><COYUNTURA ECONOMICA><CRISIS>
Resumen:Recent
global and national food crises exposed major shortcomings in the way
food security has been conceptualized and measured. This paper presents
a new framework that operationalizes the universal World Food Summit's
definition in light of recent food security challenges and extends
previous frameworks by (1) incorporating the macroeconomic dimension of
food security and identifying key sectors, (2) explicitly considering
external shocks and stresses to food security plus intervention options
for increasing resilience, and (3) accounting for nutrition as an
integral part of food security and nutrition outcomes as both a
consequence and a cause of underdevelopment. This comprehensive
framework may contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of
the food security concept and provide a platform for empirical analysis.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM IFPRI-DP 1166 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Glendenning, Claire J.; Ficarelli, Pier Paolo
Título:The Relevance of Content in ICT Initiatives in Indian Agriculture
Edición:Washington: IFPRI, March 2012 [40 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 1180
Temas:<INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS><DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO><AGRICULTURA>
Resumen:In
the past decade, many information and communication technology (ICT)
projects in Indian agriculture have emerged, either substituting or
supporting extension services by providing farmers with access to
agricultural information. ICTs have the potential to reach many farmers
with timely and accessible content. But the content that the ICTs
deliver has more relevance if it is localized and context specific, as
this improves the value and actionability of the information, which can
have important impacts on farm management. The localization of content
is influenced by how the ICT projects access, assess, apply, and
deliver content. This paper examines the content development and
management processes occurring in six well-known ICT projects in Indian
agriculture. There are important lessons to be learned from a case
study of this process. Content management and development through ICTs
is important to examine because public extension services may be able
to increase their efficiency and effectiveness by using these tools to
support their work with farmers. Though there are differences in scale
and mechanisms of delivery and feedback, all of the case study projects
use a network of experts in relevant fields to provide content, though
the extent of localization varies. Despite the best efforts of these
and many other e-agriculture initiatives in India, there is no easy way
for their collective knowledge to be tapped, tracked, and put to use
across the different platforms. In fact, there is a critical missing
link to bridge the gaps between local or parochial access and serving
public needs. To mainstream such ICT efforts and knowledge management
in agriculture for rural livelihoods, it is necessary to put in place a
centralized search engine, or harvester, to access the decentralized
and dispersed digital agricultural information repositories and network
of experts.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM IFPRI-DP 1180 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Görtz, Simone; Keijzer, Niels
Título:Reprogramming
EU development cooperation for 2014-2020 : Key moments for partner
countries, EU Delegations, member states and headquarters.
Edición:Brussels: ECDPM, April 2012 [48 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 129
Temas:<UNION
EUROPEA, UE><PAISES EN DESARROLLO><COOPERACION
FINANCIERA><COOPERACION PARA EL DESARROLLO><POLITICA
REGIONAL><TRATADO DE LISBOA>
Geográficos:<EUROPA>
Resumen:Two
years into the Lisbon Treaty and two years until the new financial
regulations for external action (2014- 2020) will enter into force, the
EU has launched the programming process for the use of a 57.57 billion
euros budget for development cooperation that has been proposed for
this seven years period. This process is of keen interest for
developing countries, as it will determine on what ODA resources are
spent at the country level.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ECDPM-DP 129 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Hanson, Gordon H.
Título:The Rise of Middle Kingdoms : Emerging Economies in Global Trade
Edición:Cambridge: NBER, March 2012 [35 p.]
Serie:NBER Working Paper Series; 17961
Temas:<COMERCIO
INTERNACIONAL><RELACIONES NORTE - SUR><RELACIONES SUR -
SUR><PAISES EN DESARROLLO><MERCADOS FINANCIEROS
EMERGENTES>
Geográficos:<CHINA><INDIA>
Resumen:In
this paper, I examine changes in international trade associated with
the integration of low- and middle-income countries into the global
economy. Led by China and India, the share of developing economies in
global exports more than doubled between 1994 and 2008. One feature of
new trade patterns is greater South-South trade. China and India have
booming demand for imported raw materials, which they use to build
cities and factories. Industrialization throughout the South has
deepened global production networks, contributing to greater trade in
intermediate inputs. A second feature of new trade patterns is the
return of comparative advantage as a driver of global commerce. Growth
in low- and middle-income nations makes specialization according to
comparative advantage more important for the global composition of
trade, as North-South and South-South commerce overtakes North-North
flows. China's export specialization evolves rapidly over time,
revealing a capacity to speed up product ladders. Most developing
countries hyper-specialize in handful of export products. The emergence
of low- and middle-income countries in trade reveals significant gaps
in knowledge about the deep empirical determinants of export
specialization, the dynamics of specialization patterns, and why
South-South and North-North trade differ.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM NBER-WPS 17961 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Hardy, Daniel C.
Título:Bank Capitalization as a Signal
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [25 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-114
Temas:<BANCOS><SISTEMA FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL><CRISIS><ESTABILIZACION ECONOMICA><BANCOS CENTRALES>
Geográficos:<MUNDIAL>
Resumen:The
level of a bankæs capitalization can effectively transmit information
about its riskiness and therefore support market discipline, but
asymmetry information may induce exaggerated or distortionary behavior:
banks may vie with one another to signal confidence in their prospects
by keeping capitalization low, and banksæ creditors often cannot
distinguish among them - tendencies that can be seen across banks and
across time. Prudential policy is warranted to help offset these
tendencies.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-114 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Autor:Lagos, Marta; Dammert, Lucía
Título:La Seguridad Ciudadana : El problema principal de América Latina
Otros responsables:Corporación Latinobarómetro
Edición:Santiago de Chile: Corporación Latinobarómetro, Mayo 2012 [61 p.]
Temas:<ASPECTOS SOCIALES><CONDICIONES SOCIALES><INDICADORES SOCIALES><POLITICAS PUBLICAS EN GENERAL>
Geográficos:<AMERICA LATINA>
Resumen:Se
está transformando América Latina en una región crecientemente más
violenta? La respuesta es compleja porque América Latina es la región
más violenta del mundo, así como también la más desigual. A ello se le
agrega que hoy la delincuencia es vista como el problema principal de
la región. ¿De que manera afecta esto a la democracia y que esta
haciendo la democracia para enfrentar el problema?
| | | Accesos al documento: | | E 308 / LATINOBAROMETRO-SEG / 2012 | | Documento Electrónico |
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| Autor:Li, Chunding; Whalley, John
Título:Indirect Tax Initiatives and Global Rebalancing
Edición:Cambridge: NBER, March 2012 [33 p.]
Serie:NBER Working Paper Series; 17919
Temas:<GRUPO DE LOS VEINTE, G20><REGULACION ECONOMICA><POLITICA FISCAL><IMPUESTOS>
Resumen:This
paper discusses how joint cross country indirect tax initiatives can be
used to achieve global rebalancing. This is potentially an important
development for G20 discussions which thus far have centered on
exchange rates as the instruments to achieve rebalancing. We suggest
that if China and Germany (as major surplus countries) switch their
present VAT systems from a destination principle to an origin
principle, and the US (as the major deficit country) adopts a VAT on a
destination principle VAT, jointly these actions can significantly
reduce the three countries' joint imbalances and so contribute to
global rebalancing. We use a numerical general equilibrium model with a
monetary structure incorporating inside money to capture endogeneity of
trade imbalances, and to also investigate the potential impacts of such
initiatives. These confirm that VAT structures are not only good for
global rebalancing but also the changes we consider are beneficial for
welfare and revenue collection. Our research is aimed to inject new
ideas to the present global rebalancing debate.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM NBER-WPS 17919 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Luca, Oana; Spatafora, Nikola
Título:Capital Inflows, Financial Development, and Domestic Investment : Determinants and Inter-Relationships
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [22 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-120
Temas:<INVERSIONES><SISTEMA
FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL><POLITICA
FINANCIERA><FINANCIAMIENTO DEL DESARROLLO><PAISES
DESARROLLADOS>
Resumen:We
examine determinants of, and interactions between, capital inflows,
financial development, and domestic investment in developing countries
during 2001-07, a period of surging global liquidity and low interest
rates. Reductions in the global price of risk and in domestic borrowing
costs were the main contributors to the increase over time in net
capital inflows and domestic credit. However, the large cross-country
differences in domestic and international finance are best explained by
fundamentals such as institutional quality, access to international
export markets, and an appropriate macroeconomic policy. Both private
capital inflows and domestic credit exert a positive effect on
investment; they also mediate most of the investment impact of the
global price of risk and domestic borrowing costs. Surprisingly,
neither greater domestic credit nor greater institutional quality
increase the extent to which capital inflows translate into domestic
investment.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-120 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Lui, Dan; Seters, Jeske van
Título:Review of the COMESA Aid for Trade Strategy
Edición:Brussels: ECDPM, April 2012 [48 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 130
Temas:<MERCADO
COMUN DE AFRICA ORIENTAL Y AUSTRAL, COMESA><PAISES EN
DESARROLLO><POLITICA COMERCIAL><POLITICA REGIONAL>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ECDPM-DP 130 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Roache, Shaun K.
Título:China's Impact on World Commodity Markets
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [24 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-115
Temas:<COMMODITIES><PRECIOS><OFERTA Y DEMANDA><ESTABILIZACION ECONOMICA>
Geográficos:<CHINA><ESTADOS UNIDOS>
Resumen:Shocks
to aggregate activity in China have a significant and persistent
short-run impact on the price of oil and some base metals. In contrast,
shocks to apparent commodity-specific consumption (in part reflecting
inventory demand) have no effect on commodity prices. ChinaÆs impact on
world commodity markets is rising but, perhaps surprisingly, remains
smaller than that of the United States. This is mainly due to the
dynamics of real activity growth shocks in the U.S, which tend to be
more persistent and have larger effects on the rest of the world.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-115 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Spatafora, Nikol; Samake, Issouf
Título:Commodity Price Shocks and Fiscal Outcomes and North Africa
Edición:Washington: IMF, May 2012 [47 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-112
Temas:<COMERCIO
INTERNACIONAL><COMMODITIES><PAISES EN
DESARROLLO><POLITICA FISCAL><BALANZA
COMERCIAL><PRECIOS>
Resumen:The
experience of developing countries over 1990-2010 indicates that
commodity prices have a significant impact on fiscal outcomes. Both
revenue and expenditure rise in response to commodity (import or
export) price increases; the response of the fiscal deficit is
ambiguous. A floating exchange rate regime only partially offsets the
impact; foreign-exchange reserves do not dampen the effects. Hence,
there is a strong case for fiscal hedging against commodity price
shocks. Hedging instruments based on a limited set of benchmark world
prices for a narrow set of commodities may suffice to realize most of
the potential benefits.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-112 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Spilimbergo, Antonio; Xingyuan Che, Natasha
Título:Structural Reforms and Regional Convergence
Edición:Washington: IMF, April 2012 [33 p.]
Serie:IMF Working Papers; 12-106
Temas:<REGIONALISMO><DISTRIBUCION
DEL INGRESO><REFORMAS ECONOMICAS><REFORMA
TRIBUTARIA><CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO>
Resumen:Which
structural reforms affect the speed the regional convergence within a
country? We found that domestic financial development, trade/current
account openness, better institutional infrastructure, and selected
labor market reforms facilitate regional convergence. However, these
reforms have mixed effects on the growth of regions closer to the
country's development frontier. We also document that regional income
disparity and average income are inversely correlated across countries
so that speeding up regional convergence increases national income. We
also present a theoretical model to discuss these results
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-DT 12-106 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Van Seters, Jeske; Afun-Ogidan, Dolly; Rampa, Francesco
Título:Regional approaches to food security in Africa : The CAADP and other relevant policies and programmes in ECOWAS
Edición:Brussels: ECDPM, February 2012 [33 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 128
Temas:<SEGURIDAD
ALIMENTARIA><COMUNIDAD ECONOMICA DE ESTADOS DE AFRICA OCCIDENTAL,
ECOWAS><COOPERACION FINANCIERA><COOPERACION PARA EL
DESARROLLO><POLITICA REGIONAL>
Geográficos:<AFRICA>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ECDPM-DP 128 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Van Seters, Jeske; Klavert, Henrike
Título:EU development cooperation after the Lisbon Treaty : People, institutions and global trends
Edición:Brussels: ECDPM, December 2011 [32 p.]
Serie:Discussion Paper; 123
Temas:<UNION
EUROPEA, UE><PAISES EN DESARROLLO><COOPERACION PARA EL
DESARROLLO><POLITICA REGIONAL><POLITICA
EXTERIOR><TRATADO DE LISBOA>
Geográficos:<EUROPA>
Resumen:The
world is changing rapidly. The balance of economic power is shifting
and the continuing trend of globalization increases interdependence,
with global challenges, such as climate change, the economic crisis,
conflict and terrorism, increasingly requiring joint action. In this
changing context, the EU is struggling to remain a key player on the
international scene. With the Lisbon Treaty, which came into force in
December 2009, the EU aspired to reshape its external action. The aim
is for the Lisbon Treaty to lead to a more coherent, efficient and
visible EU in the world. The Lisbon Treaty has considerable
consequences for the conduct of EU external policy and therefore
affects the EU's relations with developing countries. Almost two years
after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, this paper examines
the current state of play as regards the implications for EU
development cooperation. Its purpose is to assess if small steps are
made towards a stronger EU contribution to international development
and poverty eradication. The analysis is guided by a select number of
criteria: the letter of the Lisbon Treaty, leadership in EU
institutions, organisational measures taken, specific activities
undertaken and expected impact.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ECDPM-DP 123 [2011] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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| Autor:Woodford, Michael
Título:Inflation Targeting and Financial Stability
Edición:Cambridge: NBER, April 2012 [35 p.]
Serie:NBER Working Paper Series; 17967
Temas:<POLITICA
MONETARIA><POLITICA FINANCIERA><COYUNTURA
ECONOMICA><ESTABILIZACION
ECONOMICA><INFLACION><CRISIS>
Resumen:A
number of commentators have argued that the desirability of inflation
targeting as a framework for monetary policy analysis should be
reconsidered in light of the global financial crisis, on the ground
that it requires neglect of the implications of monetary policy for
financial stability. This paper argues that monetary policy may indeed
affect the severity of risks to financial stability, but that it is
possible to generalize an inflation targeting framework to take account
of financial stability concerns alongside traditional stabilization
objectives. The resulting framework can still be viewed as a form of
flexible inflation targeting; in particular, the paper proposes a
target criterion that would still imply an invariant long-run price
level, despite fluctuations over time in risks to financial stability
or even the occurrence of occasional financial crises.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM NBER-WPS 17967 [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Autor inst.:Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN
Título:Tourism Marketing Strategy one vision one identity one community (ATMS) 2012-2015
Edición:Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, March 2012 [88 p.]
Temas:<ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS, ASEAN><DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><INTEGRACION ECONOMICA><TURISMO>
Resumen:The
ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan (ATSP) 2011-2015 that was adopted by the
ASEAN Tourism Ministers in January 2011 calls for the development of a
marketing strategy by January 2012. That strategy is contained in this
document.
This marketing strategy represents the consensus of the
ASEAN National Tourism Organisations (NTOs) on important strategic
marketing directions for the ASEAN region moving forwards to 2015 based
on objectives agreed to by all of the NTOs. This strategy is designed
to help build worldwide recognition of Southeast Asia as competitive
and world-class tourism destination, in large part using the
sophisticated marketing capacity and resources of the individual ASEAN
NTOs. The strategy is based on the principle that the responsibility to
develop national products and attractions is left to the individual
countries. Based on this premise the actual resources necessary for
implementing the ASEAN marketing strategy are limited and the strategy
relies heavily on the participation of partners, working with the NTOs
and the support of the private sector. This document stresses the
importance of piggybacking (utilising the existing ground work,
research and activities of the NTOs and partners) in all aspects of the
marketing activity.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | E 338.48 / ASEAN-TOU / 2012 | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Autor inst.:Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR. Secretaría
Título:Solución de controversias en el MERCOSUR
Edición:Buenos Aires: Secretaría del MERCOSUR, Enero 2012 [183 p.]
Temas:<MERCADO COMUN DEL SUR, MERCOSUR><PROTOCOLO DE BRASILIA><PROTOCOLO DE OLIVOS><PROTOCOLO DE OURO PRETO>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | E 332.135 / MERCOSUR-SOL / 2012 | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
| Título:La Revista Completa
Serie:Integración y Comercio (2012) ; 16 (34)
Temas:<REVISTA COMPLETA>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | H INTEG.COM. [2012] 16, 34 | | Documento Electrónico; Documento Impreso | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Development Effectiveness Review 2011 Report
Otros responsables:Asian Development Bank, ADB
Edición:Mandaluyong City: ADB, 2012 [152 p.]
ISBN:978-92-9092-671-9
Temas:<DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><PAISES EN DESARROLLO><POBREZA><DESARROLLO HUMANO>
Geográficos:<ASIA Y EL PACIFICO>
Resumen:The
2011 Development Effectiveness Review (DEfR), ADB's fifth annual
performance report by Management, found that ADB made further progress
toward its Strategy 2020 targets, and that reforms are succeeding. The
report also identified weaker areas and outlined the remedial actions
to be taken. The review noted that rapid growth in Asia and the Pacific
continued to reduce poverty and improve some social outcomes. However,
data show wide gaps in attainment of the Millennium Development Goals,
with weaker performance in poorer Asian Development Fund (ADF)
countries. Overall, the trends in poverty and human development remain
unchanged since the 2010 DEfR, although performance improved in most
other development outcomes. The review found that ADB had attained most
of its operational effectiveness targets: ADB delivered more successful
sovereign operations and technical assistance projects, greatly
expanded cofinancing, and surpassed targets for promoting gender equity
in projects. ADB also continued to advance its organizational
effectiveness, allocating more staff to operations departments and
resident missions, expanding budget efficiency measures, and increasing
the proportion of women international staff. The DEfR also identified
weak areas: The quality of ADB's recently completed operations,
including their delivery of core sector outcomes, remained considerably
below target, and project delays and cancelations lowered the outputs
to be delivered during 2009-2012 from ADF operations. To remedy these
weaknesses, Management will ensure that the corrective actions adopted
in 2010 and 2011 to improve project implementation and outcomes are
implemented fully. The DEfR analyzes performance at the four levels of
ADB's results framework: Level 1: The development progress Asia and the
Pacific is making, Level 2: How ADB operations performed in delivering
outputs and outcomes, Level 3: How efficiently ADB is managing its
operations, and Level 4: How efficiently ADB is managing itself. The
review assesses ADB's performance across its entire operations, as well
as those funded by the ADF, its concessional financing source. Based on
its findings, the review identifies actions to correct weaknesses.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ADB-EFFECT [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Emerging East Asian Local Currency Bond Markets : A Regional Update
Otros responsables:Asian Development Bank, ADB
Edición:Metro Manila: ADB, April 2012 [110 p.]
ISBN:978-92-9092-669-6
Serie:Asian Bond Monitor
Temas:<DEUDA PUBLICA><POLITICA FINANCIERA><MERCADO FINANCIERO><MERCADOS FINANCIEROS EMERGENTES>
Geográficos:<ASIA>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM ADB-BOND.MONITOR [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Employment Diagnostic Analysis : a methodological guide
Otros responsables:Organización Internacional del Trabajo, OIT
Edición:Geneve: OIT, April 2012 [84 p.]
ISBN:978-92-2-125988-6
Temas:<DESARROLLO
ECONOMICO><DISTRIBUCION DEL
INGRESO><EQUIDAD><SALARIOS><POLITICA
LABORAL><DEMOGRAFIA><MERCADO DE
TRABAJO><METODOLOGIA>
Resumen:The
purpose of the present guide is to provide a tool for context-specific
analysis of the dynamics and characteristics of employment and to
identify and understand the causes behind the main constraints and
challenges, as well as opportunities for increasing productive
employment in an inclusive and sustainable manner
Nota de contenido:Foreword, Acknowledgements, and Abbreviations [p. iii] CHAPTER ONE:: Conceptual and methodological considerations 1: Introduction and general considerations [p. 1] 1.1: Defining inclusive and productive employment [p. 2] 2: The conceptual framework [p. 2] 2.1: The human resource base [p. 4] 2.2: Opportunities for and returns to human resources through productive employment [p. 5] 2.2.1: The quantitative growth factor [p. 5] 2.2.2: The qualitative growth factor [p. 6] 2.3: The equality factor [p. 8] 2.4: The issue of sustainability [p. 9] 2.5: Some additional considerations [p. 9] 3: From concept to methodology [p. 10] 3.1: Main considerations [p. 10] 3.2: Taking the growth diagnostic approach as a starting point [p. 11] 3.3: From growth diagnostics to a methodology for employment diagnostics [p. 12] 4: Implementing an Employment Diagnostic Analysis [p. 13] 4.1: Implementation modela [p. 14] 4.2: Implementation model B [p. 14] CHAPTER TWO:: The first phase of the analysis : Understanding the dynamics of employment, the labour market and the economy 1: Demographic structure and its dynamics [p. 18] 1.1: Population: Age and sex composition [p. 18] 1.2: Migration [p. 19] 2: Labour force characteristics [p. 21] 2.1: Working age population [p. 21] 2.2: Labour force participation: Employment and unemployment [p. 22] 2.3: Informal employment [p. 24] 3: Development of the human resource base [p. 27] 3.1: The qualitative aspects of human resources: Education and skills, health and employability [p. 27] 3.2: Investment in human resources development [p. 28] 4: Income inequality and poverty [p. 30] 4.1: Income inequality [p. 30] 4.2: Poverty and the working poor [p. 30] 5: Economic and employment growth: Patterns and dynamics [p. 32] 5.1: Sector composition and growth dynamics of employment and GDP [p. 34] 5.2: Wages and returns to labour [p. 39] 6: Setting targets for productive employment [p. 39] 6.1: Background [p. 39] 6.2: The methodology [p. 40] 6.2.1: Concepts [p. 40] 6.2.2: Methodological approaches to measuring working poverty [p. 41] 6.3: What targets? [p. 42] 6.4: Linking targets to the employment diagnostic analysis [p. 42] CHAPTER THREE:: The second phase of the analysis. The joint employment diagnostic analysis. The participatory workshop approach 1: Productive resources/employability [p. 51] 1.1: Human resources development [p. 52] 1.2: Investments in human resources [p. 53] 1.3: Access to land [p. 53] 2: The rate and quality of economic development [p. 55] 2.1: Integration in global economy [p. 56] 2.1.1: Degree of integration in global economic structure [p. 56] 2.1.2: Terms of integration in global economic structures [p. 57] 2.2: Cost of finance [p. 57] 2.2.1: Access to international finance [p. 58] 2.2.2: Availability/access to local finance [p. 58] 2.2.3: Financial intermediation [p. 58] 2.3: Social returns to investments [p. 59] 2.4: Macroeconomic policies [p. 60] 2.4.1: Macroeconomic (in)stability [p. 60] 2.4.2: Macroeconomic policies impairing / aiding growth [p. 60] 2.5: Market failures [p. 61] 2.6: Sector composition of growth and technology [p. 61] 2.7: Quality of business environment / institutional factors [p. 62] 2.8: Rent extraction [p. 63] 2.9: Labour market institutions [p. 63] 2.10: Regional concentration of economic growth [p. 63] 2.11: Social protection [p. 64] 3:: Forms and causes [p. 66] 3.1: Unequal employability [p. 67] 3.1.1: Education and skills [p. 67] 3.1.2: Health and nutrition [p. 67] 3.1.3: Access to production factors other than labour [p. 67] 3.2: Inequality of access to labour market and opportunities [p. 67] 3.2.1: Geographical, occupational and social mobility [p. 68] 3.2.2: Functioning of labour markets [p. 68] 3.2.3: environment for the working poor and unemployed [p. 68] 3.3: availability to work [p. 69] 4: Sustainability [p. 69] 4.1: Environmental sustainability / climate change [p. 70] 4.2: Investment in the young [p. 70] Conclusions [p. 71] Annex 1.: Example of a workshop agenda (Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia, January 2011) [p. 75] References, key tools and data sources [p. 79]
| | | Accesos al documento: | | E 338 / OIT-EMP / 2012 | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Global Monitoring Report 2012 : Food Prices, Nutrition, and the Millennium Development Goals
Otros responsables:Banco Mundial, BM
Edición:Washington: World Bank, April 2012 [190 p.]
Serie:Global Monitoring Report
Temas:<OBJETIVOS
DEL MILENIO, ODM><AGUA POTABLE><BANCO MUNDIAL,
BM><CRECIMIENTO DEMOGRAFICO><FONDO MONETARIO INTERNACIONAL,
FMI><GENERO><PAISES EN
DESARROLLO><POBREZA><CAMBIO CLIMATICO>
Resumen:What
has been the impact of yet another food price spike on developing
countriesÆ ability to make progress toward the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs)? How many poor people have been prevented from lifting
themselves out of poverty? How many people, and how many children, have
seen their personal growth and development permanently harmed because
their families could not afford to buy food? Finally, what can
countries do to respond to higher and more volatile food prices? Global
Monitoring Report 2012: Food Prices, Nutrition, and the Millennium
Development Goals examines these questions. It summarizes the effects
of food prices on several MDGs, stressing that recent food price spikes
have prevented millions of households from escaping extreme poverty.
The report advocates using agricultural policy to orchestrate a supply
response; deploying social safety nets to improve resilience;
strengthening nutritional policy to manage the implications of early
childhood development; and implementing trade policy to improve access
to food markets, reduce volatility, and induce productivity gains. The
report acknowledges that one size does not fit all and that the
sequencing and prioritization of various policy initiatives depend
critically on the initial situation a country or region finds itself
in. It also discusses support by the international community. The world
has met two global MDG targets well before the 2015 deadline. Estimates
based on preliminary surveys indicate that the share of people living
in extreme poverty in 2010 was half what it was in 1990. The world has
also halved the share of people with no safe drinking water. The goal
of gender parity in primary and secondary education is on track to be
met in 2015, and the goal of ensuring that children everywhereùboys and
girls alikeùare able to complete primary school is nearly on track. But
the MDGs closely linked to food and nutrition, particularly those that
aim to reduce child and maternal mortality, are lagging. Global
Monitoring Report 2012 was prepared jointly by the World Bank and the
International Monetary Fund, with consultations and collaborations with
regional development banks and other multilateral partners.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM BM-GLOBAL.MONIT.REP. [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Korea 2012
Otros responsables:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD
Edición:Paris: OECD, April 2012 [149 p.]
Serie:OECD Economic Surveys; [4]
Temas:<CRECIMIENTO ECONOMICO><MACROECONOMIA><DEMOGRAFIA><POBREZA><POLITICA COMERCIAL>
Geográficos:<COREA DEL SUR>
Resumen:Korea
recovered faster and more vigorously from the global crisis than most
OECD countries, but strong economic growth alone will not be enough to
address the fundamental challenges posed by its rapidly ageing
population and rising inequality, according to the OECDÆs latest
Economic Survey of Korea.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM OECD-ECO.SURV [4] [2012] | | Documento Electrónico |
|
 | Título:La inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe 2011
Otros responsables:Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, CEPAL
Edición:Santiago de Chile: CEPAL, Mayo 2012 [270 p.]
Temas:<EXPORTACIONES><INVERSION EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, IED><INVERSIONES><SECTOR INDUSTRIAL>
Geográficos:<AMERICA LATINA><CARIBE>
Resumen:En
2011, América Latina y el Caribe recibió 153.448 millones de dólares de
inversión extranjera directa (IED), un 31 por ciento más que en 2010.
Este es el segundo año consecutivo de crecimiento, tras la caída
propiciada por la crisis financiera internacional en 2009. Asimismo,
América Latina fue la región del mundo donde más crecieron las entradas
de IED y su participación en las entradas mundiales de IED alcanzó un
10 por ciento. Por otro lado, las salidas de IED (inversión directa en
el exterior de las empresas de la región) cayeron hasta los 22.605
millones de dólares y su comportamiento estuvo fuertemente condicionado
por lo sucedido en el Brasil, donde las inversiones directas en el
exterior pasaron a ser negativas. Al igual que en años anteriores, el
presente documento describe las entradas de inversión extranjera
directa (IED) y analiza la importancia relativa de los diferentes
sectores económicos de destino y el origen geográfico de estos flujos
de capital (Capítulo I). Este documento analiza en particular la
inversión extranjera directa que llega a la región desde la Unión
Europea, que es el origen principal de la IED que recibe la región. En
este sentido, se revisan las principales características de la IED
europea, identificando los países inversionistas más importantes y sus
preferencias por economías y sectores de destino en América Latina y el
Caribe (Capítulo II). Con el objeto de profundizar el análisis, se
examinan en detalle dos sectores donde la presencia de capital
extranjero, sobre todo el procedente de Europa, es muy relevante: la
banca comercial (Capítulo III) y la energía eléctrica (Capítulo IV).
Nota de contenido:Síntesis y conclusiones [p. 11] Capítulo I: Panorama regional de la inversión extranjera directa [p. 27] A: Introducción [p. 27] B: Panorama mundial de la inversión extranjera directa [p. 29] C: Ingresos de inversión extranjera directa y empresas transnacionales en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 32] 1: Evolución y características de las corrientes de inversión extranjera directa hacia América Latina y el Caribe en 2011 [p. 32] 2: Patrones de origen y destino de la inversión extranjera directa [p. 46] 3: Rentas de capital y reinversión de utilidades [p. 50] 4: Intensidad tecnológica y actividades de investigación y desarrollo de las empresas transnacionales [p. 54] D: Inversión directa en el exterior y empresas translatinas [p. 56] 1: Corrientes de inversión en el exterior [p. 56] 2: Políticas de apoyo en América Latina y el Caribe a la inversión directa en el exterior [p. 65] E: Conclusiones [p. 67] Bibliografía [p. 69] Anexo [p. 70] Capítulo II: La inversión extranjera directa entre la Unión Europea y América Latina y el Caribe [p. 83] A: Introducción [p. 83] B: La inversión extranjera directa de la Unión Europea en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 85] 1: La Unión Europea como origen de los flujos de salida de la IED mundial [p. 85] 2: Las corrientes de IED desde la Unión Europea hacia América Latina y el Caribe [p. 89] C: Estrategias empresariales de las transnacionales europeas [p. 99] 1:
Búsqueda de recursos naturales: Las empresas petroleras hacen camino al
andar y continúa la fuerte expansión de las inversiones mineras y sus
altas rentabilidades [p. 99] 2:
Búsqueda de mercados nacionales y regionales de manufacturas:
Aprovechando las oportunidades del crecimiento económico y una
creciente clase media con mayor poder adquisitivo [p. 106] 3:
Búsqueda de mercados de servicios: La región pasa de ser un lugar de
pérdidas a una tabla de salvación durante la crisis [p. 109] D: Las transnacionales europeas y las actividades de investigación y desarrollo [p. 117] 1:
La internacionalización de las actividades de investigación y
desarrollo por parte de las empresas transnacionales: La región no es
destino preferente para las empresas europeas [p. 117] 2:
Las actividades de innovación e investigación y desarrollo de
subsidiarias europeas en la región: El Brasil consolida su liderazgo
[p. 121] E: Las empresas translatinas y su presencia en la Unión Europea [p. 126] 1: América Latina y el Caribe se suma a la tendencia global [p. 126] 2: La dinámica empresarial de las translatinas en la Unión Europea [p. 129] F: Conclusiones [p. 133] Bibliografía [p. 137] Anexo [p. 140] Capítulo III: Crisis financiera internacional, sector bancario e inversión extranjera directa en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 147] A: Introducción [p. 147] B: Evolución del sistema financiero mundial: Auge y crisis [p. 148] 1:
Cambios regulatorios e institucionales de los sistemas financieros en
el mundo: Similitudes y diferencias de la experiencia de América Latina
[p. 150] 2: Transformación del sistema financiero mundial: ¿Demasiado grande para quebrar? [p. 154] C: La banca extranjera en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 169] 1: Desempeño relativo del sector bancario latinoamericano: ¿Se aprendió de los errores del pasado? [p. 169] 2: Entrada de los bancos extranjeros a América Latina: Aprovechamiento de una oportunidad única e irrepetible [p. 178] 3: Comportamiento y desempeño de los bancos extranjeros: ¿Son realmente muy diferentes a las entidades nacionales? [p. 187] D: La complejidad de la crisis financiera internacional y la banca europea en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 197] 1: Impacto de la crisis en el sector bancario europeo [p. 197] 2: Posibles canales de contagio de la crisis bancaria europea en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 202] E: Conclusiones [p. 207] Bibliografía [p. 211] Capítulo IV: La inversión extranjera directa en energía eléctrica en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 219] A: Introducción [p. 219] B: Panorama mundial del sector eléctrico [p. 220] C: El sector eléctrico en América Latina [p. 227] 1: El proceso de privatización y reformas [p. 227] 2: Determinantes de la inversión privada en el sector [p. 231] 3: Composición de la generación eléctrica [p. 238] D: Las estrategias de las empresas transnacionales en América Latina [p. 241] 1: Las transnacionales europeas y estadounidenses [p. 243] 2: Las nuevas translatinas eléctricas [p. 251] 3: La llegada de nuevas empresas asiáticas [p. 253] 4: Nuevas empresas de energías renovables [p. 254] E: El reciente desarrollo de las energías renovables en América Latina y el Caribe [p. 257] F: Desafíos y perspectivas [p. 264] Bibliografía [p. 269]
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM CEPAL-INV.EXTR.LATAM.CARIBE [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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|
 | Título:Perspectivas económicas Las Américas : Restableciendo flexibilidad y fortaleza
Otros responsables:Fondo Monetario Internacional, FMI
Edición:Washington DC: FMI, Abril 2012 [82 p.]
Serie:Regional Economic Outlook = Perspectivas Económicas Regionales
Temas:<DESARROLLO
ECONOMICO><ECONOMIAS
REGIONALES><URBANISMO><INFLACION><GLOBALIZACION><COMMODITIES><SISTEMA
FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL>
Geográficos:<AMERICA DEL NORTE><AMERICA LATINA><CARIBE>
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-REG.ECON.OUT. [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Título:Remaking the Relationship : The United States and Latin America
Otros responsables:Inter-American Dialogue
Edición:Washington: Inter-American Dialogue, April 2012 [40 p.]
Serie:Policy Report
Temas:<COOPERACION PARA EL DESARROLLO><RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES EN GENERAL><DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE>
Geográficos:<AMERICA LATINA><ESTADOS UNIDOS>
Resumen:The
report offers one central message. The United States and Latin America,
after a decade of profound change, are increasingly going their
separate ways. According to the report, without a rethinking of the
relationship and resolution of three stubborn, long-standing
problemsùimmigration, Cuba, and drug policyùthe drift and distancing
are likely to continue, potentially producing new tensions and risks
for hemispheric affairs. The report also points to several critical
opportunities that would lead to more productive cooperation and help
establish the necessary basis for sustained partnership between the
United States and Latin America.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM Z INTERAM.DIALOG-P.REPOR. [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Título:Sub-Saharan Africa : Sustaining Growth amid Global Uncertainty
Edición:Washington: FMI, April 2012 [137 p.]
ISBN:978-1-61635-249-3
Serie:Regional Economic Outlook = Perspectivas Económicas Regionales
Temas:<DESARROLLO ECONOMICO><ECONOMIAS REGIONALES><POLITICA MACROECONOMICA>
Geográficos:<AFRICA>
Resumen:Sub-Saharan
Africa continues to record strong economic growth, despite the weaker
global economic environment. Regional output rose by 5 percent in 2011,
with growth set to increase slightly in 2012, helped by still-strong
commodity prices, new resource exploitation, and the improved domestic
conditions that have underpinned several years of solid trend growth in
the region's low-income countries. But there is variation in
performance across the region, with output in middle-income countries
tracking more closely the global slowdown and with some sub-regions
adversely affected, at least temporarily, by drought. Threats to the
outlook include the risk of intensified financial stresses in the euro
area spilling over into a further slowing of the global economy and the
possibility of an oil price surge triggered by rising geopolitical
tensions.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-REG.ECON.OUT. [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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 | Título:The Future of Families to 2030
Otros responsables:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD
Edición:Paris: OECD, December 2011 [283 p.]
ISBN:978-92-64-16836-7
Temas:<EDUCACION><ECONOMIA
SOCIAL><POLITICA SOCIAL><CONDICIONES SOCIALES><CAMBIO
SOCIAL><ORGANIZACION PARA LA COOPERACION ECONOMICA Y EL
DESARROLLO, OCDE>
Geográficos:<MUNDIAL>
Resumen:This
report explores likely future changes in family and household
structures in OECD countries; identifies what appear to be the main
forces shaping the family landscape between now and 2030; discusses the
longer-term challenges for policy arising from those expected changes;
and on the basis of the three subsequent thematic chapters, suggests
policy options for managing the challenges on a sustainable basis.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | E 316 / OECD-FUT / 2012 | | Documento Electrónico |
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 | Título:The Quest for Lasting Stability
Otros responsables:Fondo Monetario Internacional, FMI
Edición:Washington D.C.: FMI, April 2012 [192 p.]
Serie:Global Financial Stability Report
Temas:<SISTEMA
FINANCIERO INTERNACIONAL><ESTABILIZACION
ECONOMICA><REFORMAS ECONOMICAS><MERCADOS FINANCIEROS
EMERGENTES><POLITICA FINANCIERA>
Geográficos:<MUNDIAL>
Resumen:The
April 2012 Global Financial Stability Report assesses changes in risks
to financial stability over the past six months, focusing on sovereign
vulnerabilities, risks stemming from private sector deleveraging, and
assessing the continued resilience of emerging markets. The report
probes the implications of recent reforms in the financial system for
market perception of safe assets, and investigates the growing public
and private costs of increased longevity risk from aging populations.
| | | Accesos al documento: | | eHM FMI-GLOBAL.FINAN.STAB.REP. [2012] | | Documento Electrónico | texto completo. Si no pudo acceder haga click aqui
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